Night of the Demon

  Ночь демона

   1957 – Великобритания (83 мин)

     Произв. COL, Sabre Films (Фрэнк Бивис, Хэл Э. Честер)

     Реж. ЖАК ТУРНЁР

     Сцен. Чарлз Беннетт, Хэл Э. Честер но рассказу Монтегю Роудза Джеймса «Гадание по рунам» (Casting the Runes)

     Опер. Тед Скейф

     Муз. Клифтон Паркер

     Дек. Кен Эдам

     В ролях Дэйна Эндрюз (доктор Джон Холден), Пегги Камминз (Джоанна Хэррингтон), Нэйал Макгиннис (доктор Джулиан Карзуэлл), Этин Сейлер (миссис Карзуэлл), Морис Денэм (профессор Хэррингтон), Юэн Робертс (Ллойд Уильямсон), Лиэм Редмонт (профессор Марк О'Брайен), Питер Эллиот (Кумар), Реджиналд Бекуит (мистер Мик), Розамунд Гринвуд (миссис Мик), Брайан Уайлд (Рэнд Хобарт).

   Великобритания. Профессор Хэррингтон приходит в особняк Джулиана Карзуэлла, главы сатанинской секты, и просит снять наложенное Карзуэллом проклятие. Возвращаясь домой, Хэррингтон до ужаса напуган появлением в небе гигантского монстра, летящего к нему. Он прыгает в машину и на полном ходу врезается в столб. Когда его тело находят, оно обожжено током. Доктор Джон Холден, коллега и сотрудник профессора Хэррингтона, приезжает из Америки, чтобы принять участие в конференции о парапсихологических явлениях и расследовать деятельность Карзуэлла и его секты. Едва сойдя с трапа, он узнает о загадочной смерти Хэррингтона. Холден не верит в черную магию и колдовство. По его мнению, Карзуэлл – низкопробный шарлатан, и Холден собирается это доказать. В библиотеке Британского музея к нему подходит Карзуэлл и протягивает книгу о колдовстве, пропавшую с полок. Карзуэлл пишет свой адрес на визитной карточке; но чернила исчезают с картона так, что даже лабораторные исследования не дают никаких результатов.

   На похоронах Хэррингтона Холден знакомится с Джоанной, племянницей покойного. Она говорит американцу, что в записках, оставленных дядей, упоминается пергамент с рунами – якобы материальный проводник проклятия, наложенного Карзуэллом. Холден и Джоанна приходят в особняк Карзуэлла. По случаю Дня Всех Святых хозяин особняка переоделся клоуном и веселит детей. Чтобы развеять недоверие Холдена, он вызывает бурю. Карзуэлл предсказывает Холдену, что тот умрет через 3 дня, 28 числа этого месяца, в 10 часов вечера, если немедленно не прекратит расспросы о секте. По указаниям Джоанны Холден обнаруживает, что в библиотеке Карзуэлл подложил в его папку пергамент с рунами.

   На одном из мегалитов Стоунхенджа Холден замечает формулу, похожую на ту, что написана на его пергаменте. Джоанна назначает ему встречу у медиума мистера Мика, и тот на спиритическом сеансе, в присутствии матери Карзуэлла, вызывает дух покойного Хэррингтона, который советует Холдену прекратить собирать информацию о Карзуэлле. Решив, что это лишь смехотворная попытка его напугать, Холден встает и уходит. Джоанна решает пробраться ночью в особняк Карзуэлла, чтобы проверить, есть ли у него книга о колдовстве, которую он предлагал Холдену. Холден не хочет, чтобы девушка шла на такой риск, и сам берется за дело. В доме Холдену приходится сразиться с кошкой, превратившейся в пантеру (хотя, возможно, ему лишь показалось), после чего на пороге возникает Карзуэлл, которого не должно здесь быть в этот час. Он советует Холдену не заходить в лес на обратном пути. Холден не слушается его и замечает, что его преследует подвижный и угрожающий клуб дыма, похожий на облако, летящее вслед за ним по небу.

   Рэнд Хобарт, единственный член секты Карзуэлла, кто согласился дать показания, впадает в кататоническое состояние. Холден гипнотизирует его перед участниками конференции и пытается его разговорить. Хобарт тоже говорит о пергаменте, который он под угрозой смерти вынужден был вручить другому члену секты. Холден показывает ему собственный свиток. Думая, что он хочет отдать свиток, Хобарт начинает метаться как сумасшедший и выпрыгивает в окно. 28 числа, за несколько минут до 22 часов, Холден садится в поезд, увозящий Карзуэлла в Саутгемптон. Карзуэлл забрал с собой загипнотизированную Джоанну. Она говорит Холдену, что Карзуэлл его боится и любой ценой стремится от него убежать. Холдену удается передать свиток, спрятав его в кармане пальто. Обезумев от страха, Карзуэлл бежит за пергаментом, который парит сначала над его головой в купе, потом – над путями. Карзуэлл выпадает из вагона и погибает – под колесами поезда или под когтями демонического монстра, спустившегося с неба? И Холден, и Джоанна полагают, что лучше и не выяснять.

   ► Этот фильм – бесспорно, лучший из тех, что Турнёр снял за пределами Голливуда. Тут режиссер возвращается к традициям Вэла Льютона, но добавляет чуть больше строгости в стиле и делает тревожную атмосферу более ледяной, абстрактной, чистой и оттого – более впечатляющей. Главный герой, Джон Холден, закован в броню скептицизма, но постепенно теряет свои убеждения, вступив на территорию мистики, и в финале он уже истощен и растерян: теперь он верит в науку не больше, чем в черную магию; по сути, он не верит больше ни во что, кроме собственных сомнений, но искать ответы уже нет никакого желания. Этот цивилизованный человек, столь уверенный в себе, за несколько дней невольно проделывает мучительный обратный путь к страху, окружавшему человека на заре его существования. Ведь, как говорил сам Турнёр (см. его интервью в журнале «Présence du cinéma», № 22―23), страх – основная тема фильма. Страх первобытный, универсальный, живущий в каждом человеке, какого бы уровня сознательности (или бессознательности) ни достиг этот человек.

   На уровне зрелищности или прямого воздействия на зрителя в фильме, как и всегда у Турнёра, мало пугающих эффектов, однако все они ― 1-классного качества (например, рука на занавеси во время ночного визита Холдена в особняк Карзуэлла). Из целой серии сцен складывается своеобразный каталог парапсихологических явлений, нагнетающий страх и растерянность; кульминация наступает в восхитительной и необычной погоне Карзуэлла за пергаментом (отметим, что пергамент играет примерно такую же роль в сюжетной конструкции, что и отрезанная рука в фильме Рука дьявола, La Main du diable, снятом Турнёром-отцом по произведению Жерара де Нерваля). Операторская работа, ключевой элемент магии фильма, как в интерьерах, так и в натурных сценах обладает острой, сверкающей и режущей силой. Турнёр вновь встречается на площадке с исполнителем главной роли в Проходе через каньон, Canyon Passage( его он возьмет и в свой следующий фильм Творцы страха, The Fearmakers), и, как всегда, добивается внешне невыразительной игры, полной внутреннего напряжения. Нужно, чтобы персонажи были измотаны, изношены изнутри после сделанных открытий; зритель должен чувствовать, что они утратили стержень веры и лишились большинства природных сил.

   N.B. Чудовища были добавлены в кадр уже после съемок, против воли Турнёра. Под конец жизни Турнёр относился к этим добавлениям безо всяких иллюзий: «В конце концов, раз публике от этого веселее…»

  Из прошлого

   1947 – США (97 мин)

     Произв. RKO (Уоррен Дафф, Роберт Спаркс)

     Реж. ЖАК ТУРНЁР

     Сцен. Джеффри Хоумз по его же роману «Стройте мне эшафот повыше» (Build My Gallows High)

     Опер. Николас Мусурака

     Муз. Рой Уэбб

     В ролях Роберт Мичам (Джефф Бэйли), Кёрк Даглас (Уит Стерлинг), Джейн Грир (Кэти), Ронда Флеминг (Мета Карсон), Ричард Уэбб (Джим), Дики Мур (мальчик), Стив Броуди (Фишер), Вирджиния Хьюстон (Энн Миллер), Кен Найлз (Илз).

   Пытаясь убежать от прошлого, бывший частный детектив Джефф Бэйли поселился в Бриджпорте, калифорнийском городке, где заправляет бензоколонкой вместе с глухонемым подростком, своим единственным другом. Джефф очень привязан к местной девушке Энн Миллер. В городке появляется его старый знакомый – помощник Уита Стерлинга, профессионального игрока, промышляющего темными делишками. Он ищет Джеффа, и тот чувствует, что должен рассказать Энн о своей жизни. Несколько лет назад, когда Джефф работал частным детективом, Уит нанял его, чтобы найти бывшую любовницу Кэти, которая пыталась убить Уита, а затем скрылась, захватив с собою 40 000 долларов. Джефф нашел Кэти в Акапулько и закрутил с нею роман. Вдвоем они скрывались в Сан-Франциско, где беглых любовников случайно обнаружил бывший напарник Джеффа Фишер. Выяснение отношений между Джеффом и Фишером закончилось дракой, и Кэти хладнокровно убила Фишера. Джефф похоронил его и узнал, что Кэти солгала ему, будто не брала денег у Стерлинга. В этот момент он и решил переселиться в Бриджпорт.

   Закончив рассказ, Джефф заверяет Энн, что Кэти ничего не значит для него. Однако Уит Стерлинг хочет увидеться с Джеффом. Джефф отправляется к нему и встречает там Кэти. Оставшись с Джеффом наедине, она утверждает, будто любит его по-прежнему. Любовь, впрочем, не помешала ей сказать Уиту, что в убийстве Фишера виновен Джефф. Она даже подписала признание, и теперь Уит хочет шантажировать Джеффа. Он требует, чтобы Джефф выкрал у прокурора Илза, бывшего сообщника Уита, бумаги, компрометирующие прокурора перед налоговыми органами. Джефф чувствует, что ему расставляют западню, однако не может найти из нее выхода. Он не в силах помешать убийству прокурора и понимает, что Уит намерен повесить на него 2-е убийство. Джефф забирает бумаги Илза и предлагает Стерлингу обменять их на письменное признание Кэти. Однако Кэти убивает Уита, который был уже готов выдать ее полиции.

   Документы, попавшие к Джеффу, теряют ценность. «Теперь ты можешь иметь дело только с одним человеком – со мной», – говорит ему Кэти. Полагая, что они созданы друг для друга, она заставляет его уехать с ней в Мексику. Джефф соглашается, но сам звонит в полицию. Они садятся в машину, но вскоре попадают в засаду: полиция перегородила дорогу. Кэти убивает Джеффа за рулем и погибает сама, когда машина врезается в полицейский автомобиль. В Бриджпорте Энн расспрашивает глухонемого друга Джеффа о том, действительно ли Джефф хотел уехать с Кэти. Желая избавить ее от сожалений, юноша врет, утвердительно кивая.

   ►  Фундаментальная картина в жанре нуара. Жак Турнёр посетил проездом все основные голливудские жанры и, не специализируясь ни в одном, в каждом оставил как минимум по одному яркому, классическому и новаторскому шедевру. В фантастическом жанре: Кошачье племя, Cat People, Ночь демона, Night of the Demon; в вестерне: Звезды в моей короне, Stars In My Crown, Вичито, Wichita; в приключенческом фильме: Встреча в Гондурасе, Appointment in Honduras; в фильме о пиратах: Анна Индийская, Anne of the Indies. Каждый фильм несет на себе отпечаток того или иного жанра, при этом в высшей степени современен, и Из прошлого не становится исключением. Наряду с Убийцами, The Killers и Крест-накрест, Criss Cross( 2-мя фильмами Сиодмака, специалиста по нуарам), Из прошлого содержит основополагающие элементы жанра в их наиболее законченной форме: трагическая фатальность, подчеркивающая беспомощность отдельного человека; извращенные и отравленные взаимоотношения настоящего с будущим; портрет роковой женщины («черной вдовы», самки богомола и др.), по природе своей, больше чем по характеру, склонной к предательству. Но то, что у Сиодмака излучает жар или влагу, у Турнёра превращается в ледяной пейзаж. Действие погружено в призрачные сумерки (искусно нарисованные Николасом Мусуракой). Намеренно, почти сюрреалистически приглушены все голоса и звуки; развитие же происходит согласно строгому темпу, который, несмотря на все круговращения сюжета, неотвратимо ведет к финалу. Для главного героя персонаж Джейн Грир (великолепной актрисы) становится очаровательной посланницей смерти. Она закрывает Джеффу дорогу к другой судьбе, которая кажется ему миражом в пустыне, на фоне гор и озера Тахо в Калифорнии. Наперекор всем нормам жанра, сам герой не принимает ни малейшего участия в упадке и разложении вокруг него. Хотя он и не является героем в положительном, высоком смысле слова, персонаж Мичама остается удивительно незапятнанным человеком, которого актер, впервые играющий главную роль в фильме категории «А», наделяет столь характерной для себя флегматичностью и лаконичностью (такими же будут и все его будущие персонажи). Это совершенно здравомыслящий человек (обратите внимание на едкость его закадрового комментария и диалогов), осознающий все подстерегающие ловушки, но тем не менее не способный избежать их. Для Турнёра нуар в первую очередь дает возможность окутать сумрачной атмосферой тему внутреннего и внешнего изгнания. Это изгнание принимает форму странствий по лабиринту загадок и призраков. Впрочем, мало кто может похвастаться тем, будто понял Из прошлого целиком. Эта картина так богата нюансами и мистическими отзвуками, что при каждом пересмотре зрителю словно открывается новый фильм.

   N.B. Незначительный ремейк Тейлора Хэкфорда Несмотря ни на что, Against All Odds, 1984. Джейн Грир играет в нем мать персонажа, сыгранного ею в оригинальной версии.

  Опасный круг

   1951 - Великобритания (86 мин)

     Произв. Eagle Lion. Coronado (Джоан Хэррисон, Дэйвид Роуз)

     Реж. ЖАК ТУРНЁР

     Сцен. Филип Макдоналд по его же рассказу «Белый вереск» (White Heather)

     Опер. Освалд Моррис

     Муз. Роберт Фарнон

     В ролях Рей Милленд (Клей Даглас), Патриша Рок (Элспет Грэм), Мариус Горинг (Шолто Льюис), Хью Синклер (Хэмиш Макарран), Нонтон Уэйн (Реджи Синклер), Эдвард Регби (Луэлин Иджуол), Марджори Филдинг (миссис Макарран).

   ± Американец едет в Лондон и в Уэльс, чтобы выяснить обстоятельства гибели своего брата во Второй мировой войне. Он убежден, что его брат, служивший в десантном отряде, стал жертвой намеренного убийства. Американец встречает сослуживцев брата и, в конце концов, узнает, что тот был казнен товарищами по оружию, поскольку своей храбростью ставил под угрозу всю группу.

   ► Фильм обладает структурой нуара, перемещенной - быть может, вернее было бы сказать сосланной - в болота Уэльса. Рей Милленд играет типичного турнёровского героя, блуждающего среди все более непроницаемых тайн, где постепенно растворяются те немногие факты, что внушали ему уверенность. Его расследование не дает никаких реальных плодов; оно швыряет его с одной клетки шахматной доски на другую, нисколько не утоляя его любопытство. Правда обрушивается на него внезапно, мгновенно обесценивая то немногое, что, как ему кажется, он уже знает.

   Фильм пускает в ход коварную диалектику между необычным и знакомым, на которой строится все творчество Турнёра. Персонаж Рея Милленда бродит по чужой для него земле, однако вполне возможно, что это - земля его предков. В конце концов, ему удается разглядеть в самой этой непохожести скрытые родственные связи. Тем самым фильм становится похож на лабиринт, где плутает главный герой, а зритель, хоть и не вполне олицетворяя себя с героем, идет рядом с ним, словно завороженный его движением к познанию самого себя. Опасный круг можно рассматривать как 1-й, еще не откровенно фантастический набросок Ночи демона, Night of the Demon.

   см. Night of the Demon

रात्रिः त्री f. [राति सुखं भयं वा रा-त्रिप् वा ङीप् Uṇ.4.69]

1 Night; रात्रिर्गता मतिमतां वर मुञ्च शशथ्याम् R.5.66; दिवा काकरवाद् भीता रात्रौ तरति नर्मदाम्.

-2 The darkness of night.

-3 Turmeric; Mb.13.136.25.

-4 One of the four forms or bodies of Brahmā.

-5 Day and night; अहःशब्दो$पि अहोरात्रवचनः । रात्रिशब्दो$पि ŚB. on MS.8.1.16; यां रात्रिं जायते जीवो यां रात्रिं च विनश्यति Mb.13.9.4.

-Comp. -अटः 1 a goblin, demon, ghost.

-2 a thief.

-अन्धः a. night-blind.

-आगमः, -उपायः the approach of night.

-करः 1 the moon.

-2 camphor.

-चरः (also

-रात्रिंचर) (

-री f.)

1 'a night rover', robber, thief.

-2 a watchman, patrol, guard.

-3 a demon, ghost, evil spirit; (तं) यान्तं वने रात्रिचरी डुढौके Bk.2.23.

-चर्या 1 night-roving.

-2 a nightly act or ceremony.

-जम् a star, constellation.

-जलम् dew.

-जागरः 1 night-watching, wakefulness or sitting up at night; आरुरोह कुमुदा- करोपमां रात्रिजागरपरो दिवाशयः R.19.34.

-2 a dog. ˚दः a gnat.

-तरा the dead of night.

-तिथिः f. a lunar night.

-द्विष् the sun.

-नाथः the moon.

-नाशनः the sun.

-पर्युषित a. stale.

-पुष्पम् a lotus-flower opening at night.

-बलः a demon.

-भुजङ्गः the moon.

-मणिः 1 the moon.

-2 camphor.

-योगः night-fall.

-रक्षः, -रक्षकः a watchman, guard.

-रागः darkness, obscurity.

-वासस् n.

1 night-dress.

-2 darkness.

-विगमः 'end of night', break of day, dawn, day- light.

-विश्लेषगामिन् m. the ruddy goose.

-वेदः, -वेदिन् m. a cock.

-सत्रन्यायः the rule according to which an act, for which no fruit is stated directly in the injunctive text, should be held as yielding the result spoken of in the अर्थवाद text connected with it. This rule is discussed and established by Jaimini and Śabara in MS.4.3.17-19.

-हासः the white lotus.

-हिण्डकः 1 a guard of the women's apartments.

-2 a night-stalker.

काल a. (

-ली f.)

1 Black, of a dark or dark-blue colour; Rām.5.17.9. Mb.8.49.48.

-2 Injuring, hurting.

-लः 1 The black or dark-blue colour.

-2 Time (in general); विलम्बितफलैः कालं निनाय स मनोरथैः R.1.33; तस्मिन्काले at that time; काव्यशास्त्रविनोदेन कालो गच्छति धीमताम् H.1.1 the wise pass their time &c.

-3 Fit or opportune time (to do a thing), proper time or occasion; (with gen., loc., dat., or inf.); R.3.12,4.6,12.69; पर्जन्यः कालवर्षी Mk.1.6; काले वर्षतु पर्जन्यः &c.

-4 A period or portion of time (as the hours or watches of a day); षष्ठे काले दिवसस्य V.2.1. Ms.5.153.

-5 The weather.

-6 Time considered as one of the nine dravyas by the Vaiśeṣikas.

-7 The Supreme Spirit regarded as the destroyer of the Universe, being a personification of the destructive principle; कालः काल्या भुवनफलके क्रीडति प्राणिशारैः Bh.3.39.

-8 (a) Yama, the god of death; कः कालस्य न गोचरान्तरगतः Pt.1.146. (b) Death, time of death; स हि कालो$स्य दुर्मतेः Rām.7.64.1.

-9 Fate, destiny.

-1 The black part of the eye.

-11 The (Indian) cuckoo.

-12 The planet Saturn.

-13 N. of Śiva; N. of Rudra; उग्ररेता भवः कालो वामदेवो धृतव्रतः Bhāg.3.12.12.

-14 A measure of time (in music or prosody).

-15 A person who distils and sells spirituous liquor.

-16 A section, or part.

-17 A red kind of plumbago.

-18 Resin, pitch.

-19 N. of an enemy of Śiva.

-2 (with the Jainas) One of the nine treasures.

-21 A mystical name for the letter म्.

-22 N. of the one of four contentments mentioned in साङ्ख्यकारिका; प्रकृत्युपादानकालभागाख्याः Śāṅ. K.5.

-ला 1 N. of several plants.

-2 N. of a daughter of Dakṣa.

-3 An epithet of Durgā.

-ली 1 Blackness.

-2 Ink, black ink.

-3 An epithet of Pārvatī, Śiva's wife.

-4 A row of black clouds.

-5 A woman with a dark complexion.

-6 N. of Satyavatī, mother of Vyāsa. जनयामास यं काली शक्तेः पुत्रात्पराशरात् Mb.1.6.2; Bu. ch.4.76.

-7 Night.

-8 Censure, blame.

-9 One of the seven tongues of Fire: काली कराली च मनोजवा च सुलोहिता या च सुधूम्रवर्णा । स्फुलिङ्गिनी विश्वरुची च देवी लेलायमाना इति सप्तजिह्वाः ॥ Muṇḍ.1.2.4.

-1 A form of Durgā कालि कालि महा- कालि सीधुमांसपशुंप्रिये Mb.4.6.17. कालीतनयः a buffalo.

-11 One of the Mātṛis or divine mothers.

-12 N. of a wife of Bhīma.

-13 A sister of Yama.

-14 A kind of learning (महाविद्या)

-15 A small shrub used as a purgative.

-16 A kind of insect.

-लम् 1 Iron. क्षुरो भूत्वा हरेत्प्राणान्निशितः कालसाधनः Mb.1.14.89.

-2 A kind of perfume.

-Comp. -अयसम् iron.

-अक्षरिकः a scholar, one who can read and decipher.

-अगरु n. a kind of sandal tree, black kind of aloe; कालागुरुर्दहनमध्यगतः सम- न्ताल्लोकोत्तरं परिमलं प्रकटीकरोति Bv.1.7, R.4.81. (-n.) the wood of that tree. शिरांसि कालागुरुधूपितानि Ṛs.4.5;5.5.

-अग्निः, -अनलः 1 the destructive fire at the end of the world.

-2 an epithet of Rudra.

-3. a kind of bead (रुद्राक्ष).

-अङ्ग a. having a dark-blue body (as a sword with a dark-blue edge) Mb.4.8.1.;

-अजिनम् the hide of a black antelope.

-अञ्जनम् a sort of colly- rium; न चक्षुषोः कान्तिविशेषबुद्ध्या कालाञ्जनं मङ्गलमित्युपात्तम् Ku.7.2,82. (

-नी) a small shrub used as a purga- tive (Mar. काळी कापशी).

-अण्डजः the (Indian) cuckoo.

-अतिक्रमः, -क्रमणम् delay, being late; कालातिक्रमणं वृत्तेर्यो न कुर्वति भूपतिः Pt.1.154.

-अतिपातः, -अतिरेकः loss of time, delay; Māl.2.

-अतीत a. elapsed, passed by.

-अत्ययः 1 delay, lapse of time.

-2 loss by lapse of time.

-अध्यक्षः 1 'presiding over time', epithet of the sun.

-2 the Supreme Soul.

-अनुनादिन् m.

1 a bee.

-2 a sparrow.

-3 the Chātaka bird.

-अनुसारकः 1 Tagara tree.

-2 yellow sandal.

-अनुसारिः, -अनु- सारिन्, -अनुसारिवा, -अनुसार्यः, -र्यकः benzoin or benja- min.

(-र्यम्) 1 a yellow fragrant wood (पीतचन्दन).

-2 Sissoo wood.

-अन्तकः time, regarded as the god of death, and the destroyer of every thing.

-अन्तरम् 1 an interval.

-2 a period of time.

-3 another time or opportunity. ˚आवृत a. hidden or concealed in the womb of time. ˚क्षम a. able to bear delay; अकालक्षमा देव्याः शरीरावस्था K.263; Ś.4. ˚प्रेक्षिन् Pt.3.172. ˚विषः an animal venomous only when enraged, as a rat.

-अभ्रः a dark, watery cloud.

-अयनम् See कालचक्र Bhāg.5.22.11.

-अवधिः appointed time.

-अवबोधः knowledge of time and circumstances; Māl.3.11.

-अशुद्धिः f.

-अशौचम् period of mourning, ceremonial impurity caused by the birth of a child or death of a relation in the family; see अशौच.

-अष्टकम् 1 first to eighth days of the dark half of the month आषाढ (festival period of कालभैरव)

-2 a stotra of कालभैरव by Śhaṅkarāchārya.

-आकृष्ट a.

1 led to death.

-2 produced or brought by time.

-आत्मक a. depending on time or desti- ny.

-आत्मन् m. the Supreme Spirit.

-आदिकः The month चैत्र.

-आम्रः 1 a mango-kind; कालाम्ररसपीतास्ते नित्यं संस्थित- यौवनाः Mb.6.7.18.

-2 N. of a Dvīpa; Hariv.

-आयसम् iron. -a. made of iron; ततः कालायसं शूलं कण्टकैर्बहुभिश्च तम् Rām.7.8.15.

-उप्त a. sown in due season.

-कञ्जम् a blue lotus.

-कटम्, -कटः an epithet of Śiva; Mb.13.

-कण्ठः 1 a peacock.

-2 a sparrow.

-3 a wagtail.

-4 a gal- linule.

-5 an epithet of Śiva; कालिन्दीकालकण्ठः कलयतु कुशलं को$पि कापालिको नः Udb.; U.6.

-कण्ठी Pārvatī, the wife of कालकण्ठ i. e. शिव. नृत्यन्तीमिव रजनी नटीं प्रतीमो गानश्री- र्विलसति नाथ कालकण्ठी Rām Ch.7.23.

-कण्टक, -कण्ठकः a gallinule.

-कण़्डकः a water-snake.

-करणम् appointing or fixing time.

-कर्णिका, -कर्णी misfortune.

-कर्मन् n.

1 death.

-2 destruction; त्रैलोक्यं तु करिष्यामि संयुक्तं काल- कर्मणा Rām.3.64.62.

-कलायः dark pulse.

-कल्प a fatal, deadly.

-कल्लकः A water-snake.

-कालः Supreme Being.

-कीलः noise.

-कुण्ठः Yama.

-कुष्ठः a myrrh.

-कूटः, -टम् (a) a deadly poison; अहो बकी यं स्तनकाल- कूटं अपाययत् Bhāg.3.2.23; Ś.6. (b) the poison churned out of the ocean and drunk by Śiva; अद्यापि नोज्झति हरः किल कालकूटम् Ch. P.5. कालकूटस्य जननीं तां स्तुवे वामलोचनाम् Vb.

-कूटकः a poison; Mb.1.

-कृत् m.

1 the sun.

-2 a peacock.

-3 Supreme Spirit.

-कृत 1 produced by time.

-2 fixed, appointed.

-3 lent or deposited,

-4 done for a long time. (

-तः) the sun.

-क्रमः lapse of time, course of time; कालक्रमेण in course or process of time; Ku.1.19.

-क्रिया 1 fixing a time.

-2 death.

-क्षेपः 1 delay, loss of time; कालक्षेप ककुभसुरभौ पर्वते पर्वते ते (उत्पश्यामि) Me.22; मरणे कालक्षेपं मा कुरु Pt.1.

-2 passing the time.

-खञ्जम्, -खञ्जनम् -खण्डम् the liver; स्वादुकारं कालखण्डोपदंशम् Śi.18.77.

-गङ्गा the river Yamu- nā.

-ग्रन्थिः a year.

-घातिन् a. killing by degrees or slowly (as a poison).

-चक्रम् 1 the wheel of time (time being represented as a wheel always moving).

-2 a cycle.

-3 (hence fig.) the wheel of fortune, the vicissitudes of life. (

-क्रः) an epithet of the sun.

-चिह्नम् a symptom of approaching death.

-चोदित a. summoned by the angel of death.

-जोषकः One who is satisfied with sparse food at the proper time.

-ज्येष्ठः a. senior in years, grown up; U.5.12.

-ज्ञ a. knowing the proper time or occasion (of any action); अत्यारूढो हि नारीणामकालज्ञो मनोभवः R.12.33; Śi.2.83.

(-ज्ञः) 1 an astrologer.

-2 a cock.

-ज्ञानिन् m. an epithet of Śiva.

-तिन्दुकः a kind of ebony.

-त्रयम् the three times; the past, the present, and the future; ˚दर्शी K.46.

-दण्डः death; श्रेयस्त्रैविक्रमस्ते वितरतु विबुधद्वेषिणां कालदण्डः Dk.

-दमनी an epithet of Durgā.

-दष्ट a. doomed to death; कालदष्टं नृपं ज्ञात्वा Bm.1.18.

-धर्मः, -धर्मन् m.

1 the line of conduct suitable to any parti- cular time.

-2 the law or rule of time.

-3 effects proper to the time.

-4 fated time, death; कालधर्मं गते सगरे Rām.1.42.1. न पुनर्जीवितः कश्चित्कालधर्ममुपागतः Mb.; परीताः काल- धर्मणा &c.

-धारणा prolongation of time.

-नरः (in astro- logy) the figure of a man's body.

-नाथः; -निधिः Śiva.

-नियोगः decree of fate or destiny; लङ्घ्यते न खलु काल- नियोगः Ki.9.13.

-निरूपणम् determination of time, chronology.

-निर्यासः Bdellium (Mar. गुग्गुळ).

-नेमिः 1 the rim of the wheel of time.

-2 N. of a demon, uncle of Rāvaṇa, deputed by him to kill Hanūmat.

-3 N. of a demon with 1 hands killed by Viṣṇu. ˚अरिः, रिपुः, हरः, हन् m. epithets of Kṛiṣṇa.

-पक्व a. ripened by time; i. e. spontaneously; Ms.6.17,21; Y.3.49.

-परिवासः standing for a time so as to become stale.

-पर्णः the flower plant (Mar. नगर).

-पर्ययः a delay (कालातिक्रम); वक्तुमर्हसि सुग्रीवं व्यतीतं कालपर्यये Rām.4.31.8.

-पर्यायः the revolution or course of time; मन्ये लोकविनाशो$यं कालपर्यायनोदितः Mb.11.15.41.

-पाशः the noose of Yama or death.

-पाशिकः a hang- man.

-पु (पू) रुषः an attendant of Yama.

-पृष्ठम् 1 a species of antelope.

-2 a heron.

(-कम्) 1 N. of the bow of Karṇa; Ve.4.

-2 a bow in general.

-प्रभातम् autumn or Śarad; (the two months following the rainy season considered as the best time).

-बन्धन a. being under control of death (काल); प्रत्यक्षं मन्यसे कालं मर्त्यः सन् कालबन्धनः Mb.3.35.2.

-भक्षः an epithet of Śiva.

-भृत् m. the sun.

-भैरवः an epithet of Śiva.

-मल्लिका, -मान (लः) the plant ocimum (Mar. तुळस).

-मालम् a measure of time.

-मुखः a species of ape; Mb.3.292.12.

-मेषी, -मेशिका, -मेषिका f. the Manjiṣṭha plant.

-यवनः a kind of yavanas and enemy of Kṛiṣṇa and an invincible foe of the Yādavas. Kṛiṣṇa, finding it impossible to vanquish him on the field of battle, cunningly decoyed him to the cave where Muchakunda was sleeping who burnt him down.

-यापः, -यापनम् procrastination, delay, putting off.

-योगः fate, destiny.

-योगतः according to the requirements of the time; Pt.1.184.

-योगिन् m. an epithet of Śiva.

-रात्रिः, -रात्री f.

1 a dark night.

-2 a sister of Yama.

-3 the Amāvasyā on which lamps are lighted (in the Divali holidays).

-4 the night of destruction at the end of the world (iden- tified with Durgā); कालरात्रीति तां (सीतां) विद्धि सर्वलङ्का- विनाशिनीम् Rām.5.51.34.

-5 a particular night in the life of man, on the 7th day of the 7th month of the 77th year.

-रुद्रः Rudra regarded as the fire that is to destroy the world.

-लवणम् the बिड salt. (Mar. संचळखार)

-लोहक्, -लौहम् steel.

-वलनम् the armour.

-विप्रकर्षः prolongation of time. विषयबाहुल्यं कालविप्रकर्षश्च स्मृतिं प्रमुष्णाति Mv.5.9.

-विभक्तिः f. a section or part of time; Ms.1.24.

-वृद्धिः f. periodical interest (payable monthly, quarterly, or at stated times); Ms.8.153.

-वृन्तः a kind of pulse (कुलत्थ).

-वेला the time of Saturn, i. e. a particular time of the day (half a watch every day) at which any religious act is improper.

-संकर्षा a girl nine years old personating Durgā at a festival.

-संकर्षिन् a. shortening time (as a mantra); कालसंकर्षिणीं विद्यां दीक्षापूर्वमुपादिशत् Ks.68.65.

-संगः a. delay; जानामि कार्यस्य च कालसंगम् Rām.4.33.53.

-संरोधः 1 keeping back for a long time; Ms.8.143.

-2 lapse of a long period of time; Ms.8.143.

-सदृश a. opportune, timely.

-समन्वित, -समायुक्त a. dead; Rām.2.65.16.

-संपन्न a. dated, bearing a date.

-सर्पः the black and most poisonous variety of the snake; Gīt.1.12.

-सारः the black antelope. (

-रम्) a yellow sort of sandal wood. a. having a black centre or pupil; न कालसारं हरिणं तदक्षिद्वयं प्रभुर्बुद्धुमभून्मनोभूः N.6.19.

-सूत्रम्, -सूत्रकम् 1 thread of time or death.

-2 N. of a particular hell; Y.3.222; Ms.4.88.

-स्कन्दः the Tamāla tree.

-स्वरूप a. terrible as death, (deathlike in form).

-हरः an epithet of Śiva.

-हरणम् loss of time, delay; Ś.3; U.5; यात्वन्येन (वरेण) विहाय कालहरणं रामो वनं दण्डकाम् Mv.4.41.

-हानिः f. delay; मामक्षमं मण्डनकालहानेर्वेत्तीव बिम्बाधरबद्धतृष्णम् R.13.16.

क्षणः णम् [क्षणोति दुःखं क्षण्-अच्]

1 An instant, mo- ment, measure of time equal to 4/5 of a second; न हि कश्चित्क्षणमपि Bg.3.5; क्षणमात्रमृषिस्तस्थौ सुप्तमीन इव ह्रदः R.1.73;2.6; Me.26; क्षणमवतिष्ठस्व wait a moment.

-2 Leisure; अहमपि लब्धक्षणः स्वगेहं गच्छामि M.1; Pt.1.138; गृहीतः क्षणः Ś.2 'my leisure is at your disposal' i. e. I pledge my word to do your work.

-3 A fit moment or opportunity; रहो नास्ति क्षणो नास्ति नास्ति प्रार्थयिता नरः Pt.1.138; Me.64; अधिगतक्षणः Dk.147.

-4 An auspi- cious or lucky moment.

-5 A festival, joy, delight; तदेव वीरो$भिजगाम तोरणं कृतक्षणः काल इव प्रजाक्षये Rām. 5.47.38.

-6 Dependence, servitude.

-7 The centre, the middle.

-8 A certain day of the fortnight (as the full moon).

-9 Rule, resolution; गन्तुं भूमीं कृतक्षणाः Mb.1.64.51. (In comp. क्षण is translated by 'momen- tary', 'temporary'.

क्षणात्, -क्षणेन् in a moment, at once, immediately).

-क्षणेक्षणे ind. Every instant, moment; क्षणेक्षणे यन्नवतामुपैति तदेव रूपं रमणीयतायाः आरब्धै- र्व्यसनैर्भूम्ना क्षीणकोशः क्षणे क्षणे Rāj. T.5.166.

-Comp. -अन्तरे ind. the next moment, after a little while.

-अर्धम् half a moment, small space of time.

-क्षेपः a momentary delay.

-दः an astrologer.

(-दम्) 1 night-blindness.

-2 water.

(-दा) 1 night; क्षणादथैष क्षणदापतिप्रभः N.1.67; R.8.74;16.45; Śi.3.53.

-2 turmeric. ˚करः, ˚पतिः the moon; उदिते क्षणदाकरे Śi.9.7. ˚चरः a night-walker, a demon; सानुप्लवः प्रभुरपि क्षणदाचराणां R.13.75. ˚आन्ध्यम् night-blindness, nyctalopsis.

-द्युतिः f.

-प्रकाशा, -प्रभा lightning.

-निःश्वासः the porpoise.

-भङ्गवादः the doctrine of the continual decay of things (Buddh.); Bādarāyaṇa 2.1.18.

-भङ्गुर a. transient, frail, perishable; मृगतृष्णासमं वीक्ष्य संसारं क्षणभङ्गुरम् H.4. 13.

-मात्रम् ind. for a moment; क्षणमात्रमृषिस्तस्थौ सुप्त- मीन इव ह्रदः R.1.73.

-रामिन् m. a pigeon.

-विध्वंसिन् a. perishable in a moment. (-m.) a class of atheistic philosophers who deny the continued identity of any part of nature, and maintain that the universe perishes and undergoes a new creation every instant.

-वीर्यम् an auspicious moment (क्षण, मुहूर्त).

इन्द्रः [इन्द्-रन्; इन्दतीति इन्द्रः; इदि ऐश्वर्ये Malli.]

1 The lord of gods.

-2 The god of rain, rain; cloud; इन्द्रो वरुणः सोमो रुद्रः । शं न इन्द्रो बृहस्पतिः Tait. Vp.1.1.1. Bṛi. Up.1.4.11.

-3 A lord or ruler (as of men &c.). इन्द्रो- मायाभिः पुरुरूप ईयते Bṛi. Up.2.5.19. first or best (of any class of objects), always as the last member of comp.; नरेन्द्रः a lord of men i. e. a king; so मृगेन्द्रः a lion; गजेन्द्रः the lord or chief of elephants; so योगीन्द्रः, कपीन्द्रः.

-4 A prince, king.

-5 The pupil of the right eye.

-6 N. of the plant कुटज.

-7 Night.

-8 One of the divisions of भारतवर्ष.

-9 N. of the 26th Yoga.

-1 The human or animal soul.

-11 A vegetable poison.

-12 The Yoga star in the 26th Nakṣatra.

-13 Greatness.

-14 The five objects of senses.

-द्रा 1 The wife of Indra, Indrāṇī.

-2 N. of a plant (मरुबक Mar. मरवा) [Indra, the god of the firmament, is the Jupiter Pluvius of the Indian Āryans. In the Vedas he is placed in the first rank among the gods; yet he is not regarded as an uncreated being, being distinctly spoken of in various passages of the Vedas as being born, and as having a father and a mother. He is sometimes represented as having been produced by the gods as a destroyer of enemies, as the son of Ekāṣṭakā, and in Rv.1.9.13 he is said to have sprung from the mouth of Puruṣa. He is of a ruddy or golden colour, and can assume any form at will. He rides in a bright golden chariot drawn by two tawny horses. His most famous weapon is the thunderbolt which he uses with deadly effect in his warfare with the demons of darkness, drought and inclement weather, variously called Ahi, Vṛitra, Śambar, Namu- chi &c. He storms and breaks through their castles, and sends down fertilizing showers of rain to the great delight of his worshippers. He is thus the lord of the atmosphere, the dispenser of rain, and governor of the weather. He is represented as being assisted by the Maruts or storm-gods in his warfare. Besides the thunderbolt he uses arrows, a large hook, and a net. The Soma juice is his most favourite food, and under its exhilarating influence he performs great achieve- ments (cf. Rv.1.119), and pleases his devout worshippers, who are said to invite the god to drink the juice. He is their friend and even their brother; a father, and the most fatherly of fathers; the helper of the poor, and the deliverer and comforter of his ser- vants. He is a wall of defence; his friend is never slain or defeated. He richly rewards his adorers, particularly those who bring him libations of Soma, and he is supplicated for all sorts of temporal blessings as cows, horses, chariots, health, intelligence, pros- perous days, long life, and victory in war. In the Vedas Indra's wife is Indrānī, who is invoked among the goddesses.

*****Such is the Vedic conception of Indra. But in later mythology he falls in the second rank. He is said to be one of the sons of Kaśyapa and Dākṣāyaṇī or Aditi. He is inferior to the triad Brahmā, Viṣṇu and Maheśa (though in some places Viṣṇu is regard- ed as his younger brother, cf. R.14.59,15.4), but he is the chief of all the other gods, and is com- monly styled Sureśa, Devendra &c. As in the Vedas so in later mythology, he is the regent of the atmosphere, and of the east quarter, and his world is called Svarga. He sends the lightning, uses the thunderbolt and sends down rain. He is frequently at war with Asuras, whom he constantly dreads, and by whom he is sometimes defeated. The Indra of mythology is famous for his incontinence and adultery, one prominent instance of which is his seduction of Ahalyā, the wife of Gautama (see Ahalyā), and for which he is often spoken of as Ahalyā-jāra. The curse of the sage im- pressed upon him a 1 marks resembling the female organ, and he was therefore called Sayoni; but these marks were afterwards changed into eyes, and he is hence called Netra-yoni and Sahasrākṣa. In the Rāmāyana Indra is represented as having been defeated and carried off to Laṅkā by Ravaṇa's son called Meghanāda, who for this exploit received the title of 'Indrajit'. It was only at the intercession of Brahmā and the gods that Indra was released, and this humiliation was regarded as a punishment for his seduction of Ahalyā. He is also represented as being in constant dread of sages practising potent penances, and as sending down nymphs to beguile their minds (see Apsaras). In the Purāṇas he is said to have destroyed the offspring of Diti in her womb, and to have cut off the wings of mountains when they grew troublesome. Other stories are also told in which Indra was once worsted by Raja, gran- dson of Purūravas, owing to the curse of Durvāsas, and other accounts show that he and Kṛiṣna were at war with each other for the Pārijāta tree which the latter wanted to remove from Svarga, and which he succeeded in doing in spite of Indra's resistance. His wife is Indrāṇī, the daughter of the demon Pulo- man, and his son is named Jayanta. He is also said to be father of Arjuna. His epithets are numerous; mostly descriptive of his achievements, e. g. वृत्रहन्, बलभिद्, पाकशासन, गोत्रभिद्, पुरंदर, शतक्रतु, जिष्णु, नमुचिसूदन &c. (see Ak.I.1.44.47). The Heaven of Indra is Svarga; its capital, Amarāvatī; his garden, Nandana; his elephant, Airāvata; his horse, Uchchaiśravas; his bow, the rain-bow, and his sword, Paranja.].

-Comp. -अग्निः the fire produced from the contact of clouds; ˚धूमः frost, snow; ˚देवता the 16th lunar mansion.

-अनुजः, -अवरजः an epithet of Viṣṇu and of Nārāyaṇa (उपेन्द्र); तस्थौ भ्रातृसमीपस्थः शक्रस्येन्द्रानुजो यथा Rām.6.91.4.

-अरिः an Asura or demon.

-अवसानः a desert.

-अशनः 1 hemp (dried and chewed).

-2 the shrub which bears the seed used in jeweller's weight, (गुंजावृक्ष).

-आयुधम् Indra's weapon, the rainbow; इन्द्रा- युधद्योतिततोरणाङ्कम् R.7.4,12.79; K.127.

(-ध) 1 N. of the horse in Kādambarī (i. e. Kapiñjala changed into a horse).

-2 a horse marked with black about the eyes.

-3 a diamond. (

-धा) a kind of leech.

-आसनम् 1 the throne of Indra.

-2 a throne in general.

-3 a foot of five short syllables.

-इज्यः N. of बृहस्पति the preceptor of gods.

-ईश्वरः one of the forms of Śiva-liṅga.

-उत्सवः a festival honouring Indra.

- ऋषभ a. having Indra as a bull, or impregnated by Indra, an epithet of the earth. इन्द्रऋषभा द्रविणे नो दधातु Av.12.1.6.

-कर्मन् m. an epithet of Viṣṇu (performing Indra's deeds).

-कान्तः A class of the four-storeyed buildings. (Mānasāra 21.6-68).

-कीलः 1 N. of the mountain मन्दर.

-2 a rock.

(-लम्) 1 the banner of Indra.

-2 A pin, nail, bolt फालका भाजनोर्ध्वे तु तदूर्ध्वे चेन्द्रकीलकम् (Mānasāra 12.126). cf. also Kau. A.2.3.

-कुञ्जरः Indra's elephant, Airāvata.

-कूटः N. of a mountain

-कृष्ट a. 'ploughed by Indra', growing exuberantly or in a wild state. (

-ष्टः) a kind of corn produced by rain-water.

-केतुः Indra's banner.

-कोशः, -षः, -षकः, -ष्ठः 1 a couch, sofa, which is generally made up of covering pieces of perforated wooden planks; cf. अट्टालक- प्रतोलीमध्ये त्रिधानुष्काधिष्ठानं-इन्द्रकोशं कारयेत् Kau. A.2.3.

-2 a platform.

-3 a projection of the roof of a house.

-4 A pin or bracket projecting from the wall (नागदन्त). A projection of the roof of a house forming a kind of balcony; Kau. A.24.

-गिरिः the महेन्द्र mountain.

-गुरुः, -आचार्यः the teacher of Indra; i. e. बृहस्पति.

-गोपः, -गोपकः [इन्द्रो गोपो रक्षको$स्य, वर्षाभवत्वात्तस्य] a kind of insect of red or white colour; Śukra.4.157; K.1.

-चन्दनम् the white sandal wood.

-चापम्, -धनुस् n.

1 a rainbow; विद्युत्वन्तं ललितवनिताः सेन्द्रचापं सचित्राः Me.64; Śi.7.4.

-2 the bow of Indra

-चिर्भटा A mild variety of Colocynth. The leaf is tripartite, rough and wrinkled. (Mar. कंवडळ, applied often as इन्द्रावण in the sense of vile, malignant, dark and hateful.)

-च्छदः A neck- lace of pearls having 18 strings.

-च्छन्दस् n. [इन्द्र इव सहस्रनेत्रेण सहस्रगुच्छेन च्छाद्यते] a necklace consisting of 1 strings.

-जः N. of Vālī.

-जतु n. Bitumen (Mar. शिलाजित).

-जननम् Indra's birth.

-जननीय a. treating of Indra's birth (as a work).

-जा a. Ved. born or arising from Indra. Av.4.3.7.

-जालम् [इन्द्रस्य परमेश्वरस्य जालं मायेव]

1 the net of Indra. तेनाह- मिन्द्रजालेनामूंस्तमसाभि दधामि सर्वान् Av.8.8.8.

-2 a weapon used by Arjuna; a stratagem or trick in war.

-3 deception, cheating.

-4 conjuring, jugglery, magical tricks; इन्द्रजालं च मायां वै कुहका वा$पि भीषणा Mb.5.16.55. स्वप्नेन्द्रजालसदृशः खलु जीवलोकः Śānti.2.2; K.15.

-जालिक a. [इन्द्रजाल-ठन्] deceptive, unreal, delusive. (

-कः) a juggler, conjurer.

-जित् m. 'conqueror of Indra', N. of a son of Rāvaṇa who was killed by Lakṣmaṇa. [Indrajit is another name of Meghanāda a son of Rāvaṇa. When Rāvaṇa warred against Indra in his own heaven, his son Meghanāda was with him, and fought most valiantly. During the combat, Meghanāda, by virtue of the magical power of becoming invisible which he had obtained from Śiva, bound Indra, and bore him off in triumph to Laṅkā. Brahmā and the other gods hurried thither to obtain his release, and gave to Meghanāda the title of Indrajit, 'conqueror of Indra'; but the victor refused to release his prisoners unless he were promised immortality. Brahmā refused to grant this extravagant demand, but he strenuously persisted, and achieved his object. In the Rāmāyaṇa he is repre- sented to have been decapitated by Lakṣmaṇa while he was engaged in a sacrifice]. ˚हन्तृ or विजयिन् m. N. of Lakṣmaṇa.

-ज्येष्ठ a. Ved. led by Indra.

-तापनः the thundering of clouds.

-तूलम्, -तूलकम् a flock of cotton.

-दमनः the son of Bāṇāsura.

-दारुः the tree Pinus Devadāru.

-द्युति Sandal

-द्रुः, -द्रुमः 1 the plant Termi- nalia Arjuna (अर्जुन).

-2 The plant कुटज.

-द्वीपः, -पम् one of the 9 Dvīpas or Divisions of the continent (of India).

-धनुः N. of Indra's bow, the rainbow; स एकव्रा- त्यो$भवत्स धनुरादत्त तदेवेन्द्रधनुः Av.15.1.6.

-ध्वजः 1 a flag raised on the 12th day of the bright half of Bhādra.

-2 Indra's weapon; विस्रस्ताकल्पकेशस्रगिन्द्रध्वज इवापतत् Bhāg.1.44.22.

-नक्षत्रम् Indra's lunar mansion फल्गुनी.

-नेत्रम् 1 the eye of Indra.

-2 the number one thousand.

-नीलः [इन्द्र इव नीलः श्यामः] a sapphire; परीक्षाप्रत्ययैर्यैश्च पद्मरागः परीक्ष्यते । त एव प्रत्यया दृष्टा इन्द्रनीलमणेरपि ॥ Garuḍa. P.; R.13.54;16.69; Me.48,79.

-नीलकः an emerald.

-पत्नी 1 Indra's wife, शची.

-पर्णी, -पुष्पा N. of a medicinal plant (Mar. कळलावी).

-पर्वतः 1 the महेन्द्र mountain.

-2 a blue mountain.

-पुत्रा N. of अदिति.

-पुरोगम, -पुरःसर, -श्रेष्ठ a. led or preceded by Indra, having Indra at the head.

-पुरोहितः N. of बृहस्पति. (

-ता) the asterism Puṣya.

-प्रमतिः N. of the pupil of Paila and the author of some ṛiks of the Rv.

-प्रस्थम् N. of a city on the Yamunā, the residence of the Paṇḍavas (identified with the modern Delhi); इन्द्रप्रस्थगमस्तावत्कारि मा सन्तु चेदयः Śi.2.63.

-प्रहरणम् Indra's weapon, the thunderbolt.

-भगिनी N. of Pārvatī.

-भेषजम् dried ginger.

-मखः a sacrifice in honour of Indra.

-महः 1 a festival in honour of Indra.

-2 the rainy season; ˚कामुकः a dog.

-मादन a. animating or delighting Indra; ये वायव इन्द्रमादनासः Rv.7.92.4.

-मेदिन् a. Ved. whose friend or ally is Indra; इन्द्रमेदी सत्वनो नि ह्वयस्व Av.5.2-.8.

-यज्ञः (See इन्द्रमह and इन्द्रमख) श्वो$स्माकं घोषस्योचित इन्द्रयज्ञो नामोत्सवः भविष्यति Bālacharita I.

-यवः, -वम् seed of the Kutaja tree.

-लुप्तः, -प्तम्, -लुप्तकम् 1 excessive bald- ness of the head.

-2 loss of beard.

-लोकः Indra's world, Svarga or Paradise.

-लोकेशः 1 lord of Indra's world, i. e. Indra.

-2 a guest (who, if hospitably received, confers paradise on his host).

-वंशा, -वज्रा N. of two metres, see Appendix.

-वल्लरी, -वल्ली N. of a plant (पारिजात) or of इन्द्रवारुणी.

-वस्तिः [इन्द्रस्य आत्मनः वस्तिरिव] the calf (of the leg).

-वाततम a. Ved. desired by Indra. अस्मे ऊतीरिन्द्रवाततमाः Rv.1.6.6.

-वानकम् A variety of diamonds. Kau. A.2.11.

-वायू (du.) Indra and Vāyu. इन्द्रवायू उभाविह सुहवेह हवामहे Av.3.2.6.

-वारुणी, -वारुणिका Colocynth, a wild bitter gourd cucumis colocynthis. (Mar. मोठी कंवडळ) किमिन्द्रवारुणी राम सितया कटुकीयते Laghu Yoga- vāsiṣṭha-sāra X. सौवर्चलं हरिद्रा च पिप्पली चेन्द्रवारुणिः । मूत्र- कृच्छ्रे प्रशंसन्ति पिण्डो$यं वाजिनां हितः ॥ शालिहोत्र of भोज 33.

-वाह् a. carrying Indra.

-वृक्षः the Devadāru tree.

-वृद्धा a kind of abscess.

-वैडूर्यम् a kind of precious stone.

-व्रतम् Indra's rule of conduct; one of the duties of a king (who is said to follow इन्द्रव्रत when he distri- butes benefits as Indra pours down rain); वार्षिकांश्चतुरो मासान् यथेन्द्रो$प्यभिवर्षति । तथाभिवर्षेत्स्वं राष्ट्रं कामैरिन्द्रव्रतं चरन् ॥ Ms.9.34.

-शक्तिः f. Indrāṇī, the wife of Indra, or his energy personified.

-शत्रुः 1 an enemy or destroyer of Indra (when the accent is on the last syllable), an epithet of प्रह्लाद; इन्द्रशत्रो विवर्धस्व मा चिरं जहि विद्विषम् Bhāg.6.9.12. बलिप्रदिष्टां श्रियमाददानं त्रैविक्रमं पादमिवेन्द्रशत्रुः R.7.35.

-2 [इन्द्रः शत्रुः यस्य] one whose enemy is Indra, an epithet of वृत्र (when the accent is on the first syllable). (This refers to a legend in the Śat. Br., where it is said that Vṛitra's father intended his son to become the destroyer of Indra, and asked him to say इन्द्रशत्रुर्वधस्व &c. but who, through mistake, accented the word on the first syllable, and was killed by Indra; cf. Śik.52; मन्त्रो हीनः स्वरतो वर्णतो वा मिथ्याप्रयुक्तो न तमर्थमाह । स वाग्वज्रो यजमानं हिनस्ति यथेन्द्रशत्रुः स्वरतो$पराधात् ॥

-शलभः a kind of insect (इन्द्रगोप).

-संजयम् N. of a sāman. Arṣeya Br.

-संधा connection or alliance with Indra. तयाहमिन्द्रसंधया सर्वान् देवानिह हुव Av.11.1.9.

-सारथिः 1 N. of Mātali.

-2 an epi- thet of Vāyu, driving in the same carriage with Indra; Rv.4.46.2.

-सावर्णिः N. of the fourteenth Manu.

-सुतः, -सूनुः 1 N. of (a) Jayanta; (b) Arjuna; (c) Vāli, the king of monkeys.

-2 N. of the अर्जुन tree.

-सुरसः, -सुरा a shrub the leaves of which are used in discutient applications (निर्गुंडी).

-सेनः N. of several men; of Bali; of a mountain; Bhāg.8.2.23.

-सेना 1 Indra's missile or host.

-2 Indra's army; Rv.1.12.2.

-सेनानीः the leader of Indra's armies, epithet of Kārtikeya.

-स्तुत् m.

-स्तोमः 1 praise of Indra; N. of a particular hymn addressed to Indra in certain ceremonies.

-2 a sacrifice in honour of Indra.

-हवः invocation of Indra; भद्रान् कृण्वन्निन्द्रहवान्त्सखिभ्य Rv.9.96.1.

-हस्तः a kind of medicament.

नमुचिः [न मुञ्चति]

1 N. of a demon slain by Indra; वनमुचे नमुचेररये शिरः R.9.22. [When Indra conquered the Asuras, there was only one called Namuchi who strongly resisted and at last captured him. He offered to let Indra go provided he promised 'not to kill by day or by night, with wet or dry'. Indra promised to do so and was released, but he cut off Namuchi's head at twilight and with foam of water (which is neither wet nor dry). According to another version Namuchi was a friend of Indra, and once drank up his strength and made him quite imbecile. The Aśvins (and Sarasvatī also, as the story goes) then supplied Indra with a Vajra with which he cut off the demon's head].

-2 N. of the god of love.

-Comp. -सूदनः, -द्विष्, -हन् m. epithets of Indra; विगृह्य चक्रे नमुचिद्विषा बली य इत्थमस्वास्थ्यमहर्निशं दिवः Śi.1.51.

mora ( SerbCS) `sorceress' [f ā]

móra (dial.) `mythological female creature, ghost, darkness' [m/f ā] \{1\}

móra (dial.) `nightmare, house-spirit' [f ā]

můra \{4\} `nightmare, mythological creature that suffocates people in their sleep, moth' [f ā]

mora, mura `demonical mythological creature that torments people in their sleep' [f ā]

mora (dial.) `nightly spirit that attacks people and horses in their sleep, nightly apparition, nightmare' [f ā]

mùora (dial.) `nightmare, its female personification' [f ā]

mòra `nightmare' [f ā] \{2\};

Čak. Morȁ (Orbanići) `[personified] nightmare, female phantom (appears early in the morning, walks with the sound of a cat tripping;

makes a habit of sitting on people's throats and nearly suffocating them' [f ā]

móra `nightmare, owl' [f ā] \{3\}

Certainty: +

Comments: The image of a (female) ghost who induces nightmares is apparently common to Slavic, Germanic and, possibly, Celtic. The root of this creature's name is unclear. Pokorny assumes a connection with *mer- `aufreiben, reiben; packen, rauben', which is not entirely convincing. For a discussion of the relationship between *mora and *mara, see s.v. *mara.

OIc. mara `nightmare' [f];

OE mare `nightmare' [f];

OIr. mor-rígain `goddess of the battlefield, female demon' [f] \{5\}

\{1\} The noun also occurs in Ru. kikímora m/f `house-sprite that spins at night'. \{2\} The folkloristic belief that the mora is an evil female creature (witch, sorceress) is mentioned in Karadžić's dictionary (cf. the form from Orbanići). \{3\} There is a variant mȏra `nightmare, house-spirit, creature that at night suffocates people in their sleep and harms animals' ( Slovar slovenskega jezika II: 238. \{4\} In dialects, we find a variant mora.

उषा [ओषत्यन्धकारम् उष्-क]

1 Early morning, dawn; उषामुषां श्रेयसीं धेह्यस्मै Av.12.2.45.

-2 Morning light.

-3 Twilight.

-4 Saline earth.

-5 A cow.

-6 Night.

-7 A boiler, cooking vessel (स्थाली); cf. उखा.

-8 N. of a wife of Bhava (who was a manifestation of Rudra).

-9 N. of a daughter of the demon Bāṇa and wife of Aniruddha. [She beheld Aniruddha in a dream and became passionately enamoured of him. She sought the assistance of her friend Chitralekhā, who advised her to have with her the portraits of all young princes living round about her. When this was done, she recognized Aniruddha and had him carried to her city, where she was married to him; see अनिरुद्ध also]. ind. Early in the morning.

-2 At night.

-Comp. -कलः a cock.

-पतिः, -रमणः, -ईशः N. of Aniruddha, husband of Uṣā.

कृष्ण a. [कृष्-नक्]

1 Black, dark, dark-blue.

-2 Wicked, evil; मनो गुणान्वै सृजते बलीयस्ततश्च कर्माणि विलक्षणानि । शुक्लानि कृष्णान्यथ लोहितानि तेभ्यः सवर्णाः सृतयो भवन्ति ॥ Bhāg. 11.23.44.

-ष्णः 1 The black colour.

-2 The black antelope; Bhāg.1.35.19.

-3 A crow.

-4 The (Indian) cuckoo.

-5 The dark half of a lunar month (from full to new moon); Bg.8.25.

-6 The Kali age.

-7 Viṣṇu in his eighth incarnation, born as the son of Vasudeva and Devakī. [Kṛiṣna is the most celebrated hero of Indian mythology and the most popular of all the deities. Though the real son of Vasu- deva and Devakī and thus a cousin of Kaṁsa, he was, for all practical purposes, the son of Nanda and Yaśodā, by whom he was brought up and in whose house he spent his childhood. It was here that his divine character began to be gradually discovered, when he easily crushed the most redoubtable demons, such as Baka, Pūtanā &c., that were sent to kill him by Kaṁsa, and performed many other feats of surpri- sing strength. The chief companions of his youth were the Gopis or wives of the cowherds of Gokula, among whom Rādhā was his special favourite (cf. Jayadeva's Gitagovinda). He killed Kaṁsa, Naraka, Keśin, Ariṣṭa and a host of other powerful demons. He was a particular friend of Arjuna, to whom he acted as charioteer in the great war, and his staunch support of the cause of the Pāṇḍavas was the main cause of the overthrow of the Kauravas. On several critical occasions, it was Kṛiṣṇa's assistance and inventive mind that stood the Pāṇḍavas in good stead. After the general destruction of the Yādavas at Prabhāsa, he was killed unintentionally by a hunter named Jaras who shot him with an arrow mistaking him at a distance for a deer. He had more than 16 wives, but Rukmiṇi and Satyabhāmā, (as also Rādhā) were his favourites. He is said to have been of dark-blue or cloud-like colour; cf. बहिरिव मलिनतरं तव कृष्ण मनो$पि भविष्यति नूनं Gīt.8. His son was Pradyumna].

-8 N. of Vyāsa, the reputed author of the Mahābhārata; कुतः सञ्चोदितः कृष्णः कृतवान्संहितां मुनिः Bhāg.1.4.3.

-9 N. of Arjuna.

-1 Aloe wood.

-11 The Supreme spirit.

-12 Black pepper.

-13 Iron.

-14 A Śūdra; कृष्णस्तु केशवे व्यासे कोकिले$र्जुनकाकयोः । शूद्रे तामिस्रपक्षे$ग्निकलिनीलगुणेषु च ॥ Nm.

-15 The marking nut (भल्लातक); विरक्तं शोध्यते वस्त्रं न तु कृष्णोपसंहितम् Mb.12.291.1.

-ष्णा 1 N. of Drau- padī, wife of the Pāṇḍavas; तेजो हृतं खलु मयाभिहतश्च मत्स्यः सज्जीकृतेन धनुषाधिगता च कृष्णा Bhāg.1.15.7; प्रविश्य कृष्णासदनं महीभुजा Ki.1.26.

-2 N. of a river in the Dec- can that joins the sea at Machhalipaṭṭaṇa.

-3 A kind of poisonous insect.

-4 N. of several plants.

-5 A grape.

-6 A kind of perfume.

-7 An epithet of Durgā Bhāg.4.6.7.

-8 One of the 7 tongues of fire.

-9 N. of the river Yamunā; विलोक्य दूषितां कृष्णां कृष्णः कृष्णाहिना विभुः Bhāg.1.16.1.

-ष्णी A dark night; रिणक्ति कृष्णीर- रुषाय पन्थाम् Rv.7.71.1.

-ष्णम् 1 Blackness, darkness (moral also); शुक्रा कृष्णादजनिष्ट श्वितीची Rv.1.123.9.

-2 Iron.

-3 Antimony.

-4 The black part of the eye.

-5 Black pepper.

-6 Lead.

-7 An inauspicious act.

-8 Money acquired by gambling.

-Comp. -अगुरु n. a kind of sandal-wood.

-अचलः an epithet of the moun- tain Raivataka.

-अजिनम् the skin of the black ante- lope.

-अध्वन्, -अर्चिस् m. an epithet of fire; cf. कृष्ण- वर्त्मन्.

-अयस्, n.

-अयसम्, -आमिषम् iron, crude or black iron. -कृष्णायसस्येव च ते संहत्य हृदयं कृतम् Mb.5.135. 1; वाचारम्भणं विकारो नामधेयं कृष्णायसमित्येव सत्यम् Ch. Up. 6.1.6.

-अर्जकः N. of a tree.

-अष्टमी, -जन्माष्टमी the 8th day of the dark half of Śrāvaṇa when Kṛiṣṇa, was born; also called गोकुलाष्टमी.

-आवासः the holy fig-tree.

-उदरः a kind of snake.

-कञ्चुकः a kind of gram.

-कन्दम् a red lotus.

-कर्मन् a. of black deeds, criminal, wicked, depraved, guilty, sinful.

-काकः a raven.

-कायः a buffalo.

-काष्ठम् a kind of sandal-wood, agallochum.

-कोहलः a gambler.

-गङ्गा the river कृष्णावेणी.

-गति fire; ववृधे स तदा गर्भः कक्षे कृष्णगतिर्यथा Mb.13.85.56; आयोघने कृष्णगतिं सहायम् R.6.42.

-गर्भाः (f. pl.)

1 the pregnant wives of the demon Kṛiṣṇa; यः कृष्णगर्भा निरहन्नृजिश्वना Rv.1.11.1.

-2 waters in the interiors of the clouds.

-गोधा a kind of poisonous insect.

-ग्रीवः N. of Śiva.

-चञ्चुकः a kind of pea.

-चन्द्रः N. of Vasudeva.

-चर a. what formerly belonged to Kṛiṣṇa.

-चूर्णम् rust of iron, iron-filings.

-च्छविः f.

1 the skin of the black antelope.

-2 a black cloud; कृष्णच्छविसमा कृष्णा Mb.4.6.9.

-ताम्रम् a kind of sandal wood.

-तारः 1 a species of antelope.

-2 an antelope (in general)

-तालु m. a kind of horse having black palate; cf. शालिहोत्र of भोज, 67.

-त्रिवृता N. of a tree.

-देहः a large black bee.

-धनम् money got by foul means.

-द्वादशी the twelfth day in the dark half of Āṣaḍha.

-द्वैपायनः N. of Vyāsa; तमहमरागमकृष्णं कृष्णद्वैपायनं वन्दे Ve.1.4.

-पक्षः 1 the dark half of a lunar month; रावणेन हृता सीता कृष्णपक्षे$- सिताष्टमी Mahān.

-2 an epithet of Arjuna;

-पदी a female with black feet,

-पविः an epithet of Agni.

-पाकः N. of a tree (Mar. करवंद).

-पिङ्गल a. dark-brown. (

-ला) N. of Durgā.

-पिण्डीतकः (-पिण्डीरः) N. of a tree (Mar. काळा गेळा).

-पुष्पी N. of a tree (Mar. काळा धोत्रा).

-फलः (-ला) N. of a tree (Mar. काळें जिरें).

-बीजम् a watermelon.

-भस्मन् sulphate of mecury.

-मृगः the black antelope; शृङ्गे कृष्णमृगस्य वामनयनं कण्डूयमानां मृगीम् Ś.6.17.

-मुखः, -वक्त्रः, -वदनः the black-faced monkey.

-मृत्तिका 1 black earth.

-2 the gunpowder.

-यजुर्वेदः the Taittirīya or black Yajurveda.

-यामः an epithet of Agni; वृश्चद्वनं कृष्णयामं रुशन्तम् Rv.6.6.1.

-रक्तः dark-red colour.

-रूप्य =

˚चर q. v.

-लवणम् 1 a kind of black salt.

-2 a factitious salt.

-लोहः the loadstone.

-वर्णः 1 black colour.

-2 N. of Rāhu.

-3 a Śūdra; विडूरुङ्घ्रिश्रितकृष्णवर्णः Bhāg.2.1.37.

-वर्त्मन् m.

1 fire; श्रद्दधे त्रिदशगोपमात्रके दाहशक्तिमिव कृष्णवर्त्मनि R.11.42; Ms.2.94.

-2 N. of Rāhu.

-3 a low man, profligate, black-guard.

-विषाणा Ved. the horns of the black antelope.

-वेणी N. of a river.

-शकुनिः a crow; Av.19.57.4.

-शारः, -सारः, -सारङ्गः the spotted antelope; कृष्णसारे ददच्चक्षुस्त्वयि चाधिज्यकार्मुके Ś.1.6; V.4.31; पीयूषभानाविव कृष्णसारः Rām. Ch.1.3.

-शृङ्गः a buffalo.

-सखः, -सारथिः an epithet of Arjuna. (

-खी) cummin seed (Mar. जिरें).

-स्कन्धः N. of a tree (Mar. तमाल).

1) mfn. furnished with windings orﾠ curves orﾠ rings, ringed, coiled (as a serpent) R. ;

2) mfn. furnished with enjoyments, having orﾠ offering enjoyments, delightful, happy, prosperous MBh. Hariv. BhP. ;

भोगवत् a.

1 Giving pleasure or delight, delightful.

-2 Happy, prosperous.

-3 Having curves, ringed, coiled. -m.

1 A snake.

-2 A mountain.

-3 Dancing, acting, and singing together. -f.

(-ती) 1 An epithet of the Ganges of Pātāla or the lower world (पातालगङ्गा); भोगवती च पाताले स्वर्गे मन्दाकिनी तथा Purāṇam; A. Rām. 6.9.8.

-2 A female snake-demon; Mb.1.171.38.

-3 N. of the city of the snake-demons in the lower world; आत्मतुल्यबलैर्गुप्तां नागैर्भोगवतीमिव Bhāg.1.11.11.

-4 The night of the second day of a lunar month.

mf (ā)n. easily seen by (instr.) Vop. ;

chôcatinemi > chôcatinen.

*\CHOCATINEMI v.i., pleurer continuellement.

" za nô yehhuâtl îpan mochîuh cihuâcôâtl chôcatinenca yohualtica ", sous ce même (souverain) il arriva que Cihuacoatl se promène de nuit - in the days of this same (ruler) it happened that (the demon) Ciuacoatl went about weeping, at night. Sah8,3.

" in îca chôcatinemi, elcihciuhtinemi ", celui qui à cause de cela pleure et soupire constamment. Sah4,33.

Form: v.composé sur chôca.

निशा [नितरां श्यति तनूकरोति व्यापारान् शो-क Tv.]

1 Night या निशा सर्वभूतानां तस्यां जागर्ति संयमी Bg.2.69.

-2 Turme- ric.

-3 A dream.

-4 A collective name for the zodia- cal signs Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Sagittarius, and Capricorn.

-5 A species of plant (Mar. कचरा or उपळसरी).

-Comp. -अटः, -अटनः 1 an owl.

-2 a demon, ghost, goblin; ईश्वरस्य निशाटानां विलोक्य निखिलां पुरीम् Bk. 8.115; Rām. Ch.1.34

-अटकः bdellium.

-अतिक्रमः, -अत्ययः, -अन्तः, -अवसानम् 1 the passing away of night.

-2 daybreak; ये मां स्तुवन्त्यनेनाङ्ग प्रतिबुध्य निशात्यये Bhāg.8.4.25.

-अदः = Niṣāda q. v.

-अन्ध a. blind at night. (

-न्धा) the creeper called जतुका.

-अधीशः, -ईशः, -नाथः, -पतिः, -मणिः, -रत्नम् 1 the moon.

-2 camphor.

-अर्धकालः the first part of the night.

-आख्या -आह्वा turmeric.

-आदिः the evening twilight.

-उत्सर्गः end of night, day break.

-उषित a. having remained overnight (Mar. शिळे).

-एतः a crane.

-करः 1 the moon; बहुले$पि गते निशाकरस्तनुतां दुःखमनङ्ग मोक्ष्यति Ku.4.13; द्विजावली बालनिशाकरांशुभिः.

-2 a cock.

-3 camphor.

-4 N. of the numeral 1.

-केतुः the moon

-गुह a bed-chamber.

-क्षयः close of night.

-चर a. (

-रा, री f.) moving about by night, night stalker.

-(रः) 1 a fiend, goblin, an evil spirit; तस्मै निशाचरैश्वर्यं प्रतिशुश्राव राघवः R.12.69.

-2 an epithet of Śiva.

-3 a jackal.

-4 an owl.

-5 a snake.

-6 the ruddy goose.

-7 a thief. ˚पतिः

1 an epithet of (1) Śiva; (2) of Rāvaṇa.

(-री) 1 a female fiend.

-2 a woman going to meet her lover at night by appoint- ment; राममन्मथशरेण ताडिता दुःसहेन हृदये निशाचरी R.11.2 (where the word is used sense 1 also).

-3 a harlot.

-चर्मन् m. darkness.

-जलम् dew, frost.

-दर्शिन् m. an owl.

-निशम् ind. every night, always; ऋषेस्तस्योटज- स्थस्य कालो$गच्छन्निशानिशम्.

-पुष्पम् 1 the white water-lily (opening at night).

-2 hoar-frost, dew.

-बलम् see निशा (4).

-मुखम् the beginning of night, cf. प्रदोषो रजनीमुखम्.

-मृगः a jackal

-रत्नम् 1 the moon

-2 camphor.

-वनः hemp (शण).

-विहारः a demon. goblin, a Rākṣasa; प्रचक्रतू रामनिशाविहारौ Bk.2.36.

-वेदिन् m. a cock.

-हसः the white water-lily (opening at night).

mf (i)n. (fr. rakshas) belonging to orﾠ like a Rakshas, demoniacal, infested by demons AitBr. etc. etc. (with vivāha, orﾠ dharma orﾠ vidhi m. « one of the 8 forms of marriage», the violent seizure orﾠ rape of a girl after the defeat orﾠ destruction of her relatives seeﾠ Mn. III, 33);

त्रि num. a. [Uṇ.5.66] (declined in pl. only, nom. त्रयः m., तिस्त्रः f., त्रीणि n.) Three; त एव हि त्रयो लोकास्त एव त्रय आश्रमाः &c. Ms.2.229; प्रियतमाभिरसौ तिसृभिर्बभौ R.9.18; त्रीणि वर्षाण्युदीक्षेत कुमार्यृतुमती सती Ms.9.9 [cf. L. tres; Gr. treis; A. S., Zend thri; Eng. three].

-Comp. -अंशः 1 a three-fold share; त्र्यंशं दायाद्धरेद्विप्रः Ms.9.151.

-2 a third part.

-3 three-fourths.

-अक्ष a. triocular.

-अक्षः, -अक्षकः an epithet of Śiva; शुष्कस्नायु- स्वराह्लादात्त्र्यक्षं जग्राह रावणः Pt.5.57.

-अक्षरः 1 the mystic syllable ओम् consisting of three letters; see under अ. आद्यं यत्त्र्यक्षरं ब्रह्म Ms.11.265.

-2 a match- maker or घटक (that word consisting of three syllables).

-3 a genealogist. (

-री) knowledge, learning; see विद्या.

-अङ्कटम्, -अङ्गटम् 1 three strings suspended to either end of a pole for carrying burdens.

-2 a sort of colly- rium. (

-टः) N. of Śiva.

-अङ्गम् (pl.) a tripartite army (chariots, cavalry and infantry).

-अङ्गुलम् three fingers' breadth.

-अञ्जनम् the three kinds of collyrium; i. e. कालाञ्जन, रसाञ्जन and पुष्पाञ्जन.

-अञ्जलम्, -लिः three handfuls taken collectively.

-अधिपतिः (the lord of the 3 guṇas or worlds), an epithet of Viṣṇu; Bhāg.3.16.24.

-अधिष्ठानः the soul. (

नम्) spirit, life (चैतन्य). -a. having three stations; Ms.12.4.

-अध्वगा, -मार्गगा, -वर्त्मगा epithets of the river Ganges (flowing through the three worlds).

-अनीक a. having the three properties of heat, rain and cold; त्यनीकः पत्यते माहिनावान् Rv.3.56.3. (

-का) an army consisting of horses, elephants and chariots.

-अब्द a. three years old.

-ब्दम् three years taken collectively.

-अम्बकः (also त्रियम्बक in the same sense though rarely used in classical literature) 'having three eyes', N. of Śiva.; त्रियम्बकं संयमिनं ददर्श Ku.3.44; जडीकृतस्त्र्यम्बकवीक्षणेन R.2. 42;3.49. ˚सखः an epithet of Kubera; कुबेरस्त्र्यम्बकसखः Ak.

-अम्बका an epithet of Pārvatī

-अशीत a. eighty-third.

-अशीतिः f. eighty-three.

-अष्टन् a. twenty-four.

-अश्र, -अस्र a. triangular. (

-स्रम्) a triangle.

-अहः 1 a period of three days.

-2 a festival lasting three days.

-आर्षेयाः deaf, dumb and blind persons.

-आहिक a.

1 performed or produced in three days.

-2 recurring after the third day, tertian (as fever).

-3 having provision for three days कुशूलकुम्भीधान्यो वा त्र्याहिको$श्वस्तनो$पि वा Y.1.128.

-ऋचम् (

तृचम् also) three Riks taken collectively; Ms.8.16.

-ऐहिक a. having provision for three days.

-ककुद् m.

1 N. of the moun- tain Trikūṭa.

-2 N. of Viṣnu or Kṛiṣṇa.

-3 the highest, chief.

-4 a sacrifice lasting for ten nights.

-ककुभ् m. Ved.

1 Indra.

-2 Indra's thunderbolt.

-कटु dry ginger, black pepper and long pepper taken together as a drug; शिरामोक्षं विधायास्य दद्यात् त्रिकटुकं गुडम् Śālihotra 62.

-कण्टः, -कण्टकः a kind of fish.

-करणी the side of a square 3 times as great as another.

-कर्मन् n. the chief three duties of a Brāhmaṇa i. e. sacrifice, study of the Vedas, and making gifts or charity. (-m.) one who engages in these three duties (as a Brāhmaṇa).

-काण्डम् N. of Amarsiṁha's dictionary.

-कायः N. of Buddha.

-कालम् 1 the three times; the past, the pre- sent, and the future; or morning, noon and evening.

-2 the three tenses (the past, present, and future) of a verb. (

-लम् ind. three times, thrice; ˚ज्ञ, ˚दर्शिन् a. omniscient (m.)

1 a divine sage, seer.

-2 a deity.

-3 N. of Buddha. ˚विद् m.

1 a Buddha.

-2 an Arhat (with the Jainas).

-कूटः N. of a mountain in Ceylon on the top of which was situated Laṅkā, the capital of Rāvaṇa.; Śi.2.5.

-कूटम् sea-salt.

कूर्चकम् a knife with three edges.

-कोण a. triangular, forming a triangle.

(-णः) 1 a triangle.

-2 the vulva.

-खम् 1 tin.

-2 a cucumber.

-खट्वम्, -खट्वी three bed- steads taken collectively.

-क्षाराणि n. (pl.) salt-petre, natron and borax.

-गणः an aggregate of the three objects of worldly existence; i. e. धर्म, अर्थ and काम; न बाधते$स्य त्रिगणः परस्परम् Ki.1.11; see त्रिवर्ग below.

-गत a.

1 tripled.

-2 done in three days.

-गर्ताः (pl.)

1 N. of a country, also called जलन्धर, in the north- west of India.

-2 the people or rulers of that country.

-3 a particular mode of calculation.

-गर्ता 1 a lascivious woman, wanton.

-2 a woman in general.

-3 a pearl.

-4 a kind of cricket.

-गुण a.

1 consisting of three threads; व्रताय मौञ्जीं त्रिगुणां बभार याम् Ku.5.1.

-2 three-times repeated, thrice, treble, threefold, triple; सप्त व्यतीयुस्त्रिगुणानि तस्य (दिनानि) R.2. 25.

-3 containing the three Guṇas सत्त्व, रजस् and तमस्. (

-णम्) the Pradhāna (in Sāṅ. phil.); (-ind.) three times; in three ways.

-णाः m. (pl.) the three quali- ties or constituents of nature; त्रयीमयाय त्रिगुणात्मने नमः K.1.

(-णा) 1 Māyā or illusion (in Vedānta phil.).

-2 an epithet of Durgā.

-गुणाकृतम् ploughed thrice.

-चक्षुस् m. an epithet of Śiva.

-चतुर a. (pl.) three or four; गत्वा जवात्त्रिचतुराणि पदानि सीता B.R.6.34.

-चत्वा- रिंश a. forty-third.

-चत्वारिंशत् f, forty-three.

-जगत् n.

-जगती the three worlds, (1) the heaven, the atmos- phere and the earth; or (2) the heaven, the earth, and the lower world; त्वत्कीर्तिः...... त्रिजगति विहरत्येवमुर्वीश गुर्वी Sūkti.5.59.

-जटः an epithet of Śiva.

-जटा N. of a female demon, one of the Rākṣasa attendants kept by Rāvaṇa to watch over Sītā, when she was retained as a captive in the Aśoka-vanikā. She acted very kindly towards Sītā and induced her companions to do the same; सीतां मायेति शंसन्ति त्रिजटा समजीवयत् R.12.74.

-जातम्, जातकम् The three spices (mace, cardamoms, cinnamon).

-जीवा, -ज्या the sine of three signs or 9˚, a radius.

-णता a bow; कामुकानिव नालीकांस्त्रिणताः सहसामुचन् Śi.19.61.

-णव, -णवन् a. (pl.) three times nine; i. e. 27.

-णाकः the heaven; तावत्त्रिणाकं नहुषः शशास Bhāg.6.13.16.

-णाचिकेतः 1 a part of the Adhvaryu-sacrifice or Yajur- veda, or one who performs a vow connected therewith (according to Kull. on Ms.3.185); Mb.13.9.26.

-2 one who has thrice kindled the Nāchiketa fire or studied the Nāchiketa section of Kāṭhaka; त्रिणाचिकेत- स्त्रिभिरेत्य सन्धिम् Kaṭh.1.17.

-णीता a wife ('thrice married'; it being supposed that a girl belongs to Soma, Gandharva and Agni before she obtains a human husband).

-णेमि a. with three fellies; विचिन्वतो$भूत् सुमहांस्त्रिणेमिः Bhāg.3.8.2.

-तक्षम्, तक्षी three carpen- ters taken collectively.

-दण्डम् 1 the three staves of a Saṁnyāsin (who has resigned the world) tied togethar so as to form one.

-2 the triple subjection of thought, word, and deed. (

-ण्डः) the state of a religious ascetic; ज्ञानवैराग्यरहितस्त्रिदण्डमुपजीवति Bhāg.11.18.4.

-दण्डिन् m.

1 a religious mendicant or Saṁnyāsin who has renounced all worldly attachments, and who carries three long staves tied together so as to form one in his right hand; तल्लिप्सुः स यतिर्भूत्वा त्रिदण्डी द्वारका- मगात् Bhāg.1.86.3.

-2 one who has obtained command over his mind, speech, and body (or thought, word, and deed); cf. वाग्दण्डो$थ मनोदण्डः कायदण्डस्तथैव च । यस्यैते निहिता बुद्धौ त्रिदण्डीति स उच्यते ॥ Ms.12.1.

-दशाः (pl.)

1 thirty.

-2 the thirty-three gods:-- 12 Ādityas, 8 Vasus, 11 Rudras and 2 Aśvins. (

-शः) a god, an immortal; तस्मिन्मघोनस्त्रिदशान्विहाय सहस्रमक्ष्णां युगपत्पपात Ku.3.1. ˚अङ्कुशः (-शम्) the heaven. ˚आयुधम् Indra's thunder- bolt; R.9.54. ˚आयुधम् rainbow; अथ नभस्य इव त्रिदशायुधम् R.9.54. ˚अधिपः, ˚ईश्वरः, ˚पतिः epithets of Indra. ˚अधिपतिः N. of Śiva. ˚अध्यक्षः, ˚अयनः an epithet of Viṣṇu. ˚अरिः a demon. ˚आचार्यः an epithet of Bṛihas- pati. ˚आधार Nectar. ˚आलयः, ˚आवासः

1 heaven.

-2 the mountain Meru.

-3 a god. ˚आहारः 'the food of the gods', nectar. ˚इन्द्रः

1 Indra.

-2 Śiva.

-3 Brahman. ˚गुरुः an epithet of Bṛihaspati, ˚गोपः a kind of insect; (cf. इन्द्रगोप) श्रद्दधे त्रिदशगोपमात्रके दाहशक्तिमिव कृष्णवर्त्मनि R.11.42. ˚दीर्घिका an epithet of the Ganges. ˚पतिः Indra; एषो$प्यैरावतस्थस्त्रिदशपतिः Ratn.4.11. ˚पुङ्गवः Viṣṇu; Rām.1. ˚मञ्जरी the holy basil. ˚वधू, ˚वनिता, an Apsaras or heavenly damsel; कैलासस्य त्रिदशवनितादर्पणस्यातिथिः स्याः Me.6. ˚वर्त्मन् the sky. ˚श्रेष्ठः

1 Agni.

-2 Brahman. ˚दशीभूत Become divine; त्रिदशीभूतपौराणां स्वर्गान्तरमकल्पयत् R.15.12.

-दिनम् three days collectively. ˚स्पृश् m. concurrence of three lunations with one solar day.

-दिवम् 1 the heaven; त्रिमार्गयेव त्रिदिवस्य मार्गः Ku.1.28; Ś.7.3.

-2 sky, atmosphere.

-3 paradise.

-4 happi- ness. (

-वा) cardamoms. ˚अधीशः, ˚ईशः

1 an epithet of Indra.

-2 a god. ˚आलयः the heaven; अश्वमेधजिताँल्लोका- नाप्नोति त्रिदिवालये Mb.13.141.53. ˚उद्भवा

1 the Ganges.

-2 small cardamoms. ˚ओकस् m. a god; वपुषि त्रिदिवौकसां परं सह पुष्पैरपतत्र्छिलीमुखाः Vikr.15.72. ˚गत dead; त्रिदिवगतः किमु वक्ष्यते पिता मे Vikr.6.62.

-दृश् m. an epithet of Śiva.

-दोषम् vitiation or derangement of the three humours of the body, i. e. वात, पित्त and कफ.

-धा ind. in 3 parts, ways or places; triply, ˚त्वम् tripartition; Ch. Up.

-धातुः an epithet of Gaṇeśa;

-तुम् 1 the triple world.

-2 the aggregate of the 3 minerals or humours.

-धामन् m.

1 N. of Viṣṇu.

-2 of Vyāsa;

-3 of Śiva.

-4 of Agni.

-5 death. -n. the heaven; हंसो हंसेन यानेन त्रिधाम परमं ययौ Bhāg.3.24.2.

-धारा the Ganges.

-नयन, -नेत्रः, -लोचनः epithets of Śiva; R.3. 66; Ku.3.66;5.72.

- नवत a. ninety-third.

-नवतिः f. ninety three.

-नयना Pārvat&imacr.

-नाभः Viṣṇu; Bhāg.8. 17.26.

-नेत्रचूडामणिः the moon.

-नेत्रफलः the cocoa-nut tree.

-पञ्च a. three-fold five, i. e. fifteen.

-पञ्चाश a. fiftythird.

-पञ्चाशत् f. fifty-three.

-पुटः glass (काच).

-पताकः 1 the hand with three fingers stretched out or erect.

-2 the forehead marked naturally with three horizontal lines.

-पत्रकः the Palāśa tree.

-पथम् 1 the three paths taken collectively, i. e. the sky, atmosphere, and the earth, or the sky, earth and the lower world.

-2 a place where three roads meet. (

-था) an epithet of Mathura. ˚गा, ˚गामिनी an epithet of the Ganges; गङ्गा त्रिपथगामिनी; धृतसत्पथस्त्रिपथगामभितः स तमारुरोह पुरुहूतसुतः Ki.6.1; Amaru.99.

-पद्, -पाद्, -पात् m. Ved.

1 Viṣṇu.

-2 fever (personified).

-पद a. three-footed. (

-दम्) a tripod; त्रिपदैः करकैः स्थालैः...... Śiva. B.22. 62.

-पदिका 1 a tripod.

-2 a stand with three feet.

-पदी 1 the girth of an elephant; नास्रसत्करिणां ग्रैवं त्रिपदी- च्छेदिनामपि R.4.48.

-2 the Gāyatrī metre.

-3 a tripod.

-4 the plant गोधापदी.

-परिक्रान्त a. one who walks thrice round a sacred fire.

-पर्णः Kiṁśuka tree.

-पाटः 1 intersection of a prolonged side and perpendicular (in a quadrangular figure).

-2 the figure formed by such intersection.

-पाटिका a beak.

पाठिन् a.

1 familiar with Saṁhitā, Pada, and Krama.

-2 one who learns a thing after three repetitions.

-पादः 1 the Supreme Being.

-2 fever.

-पाद् a.

1 having three feet.

-2 con- sisting of three parts, having three fourths; राघवः शिथिलं तस्थौ भुवि धर्मस्त्रिपादिव R.15.96.

-3 trinomial. (-m.)

1 an epithet of Viṣṇu in his dwarf incarnation.

-2 the Supreme Being.

-पिटकम् the 3 collections of Buddhistic sacred writings (सुत्त, विनय and अभिधम्म).

-पुट a. triangular.

(-टः) 1 an arrow.

-2 the palm of the hand.

-3 a cubit.

-4 a bank or shore.

-पुटकः a triangle.

-पुटा an epithet of Durgā.

-पुटिन् m. the castor-oil plant.

-पुण्ड्रम्, -पुण्ड्रक a mark on the forehead consisting of three lines made with cowdung ashes.

-पुरम् 1 a collection of three cities.

-2 the three cities of gold, silver, and iron in the sky, air and earth built for demons by Maya; (these cities were burnt down, along the demons inhabiting them, by Śiva at the request of the gods); Ku.7.48; Amaru.2; संरक्ताभिस्त्रिपुरविजयो गीयते किन्नरीभिः Me.56; Bh.3.123; (

-रः) N. of a demon or demons presiding over these cities. ˚अधिपतिः N. of Maya, ˚अन्तकः, ˚अरिः, ˚घ्नः, ˚दहनः, ˚द्विष् m., हरः &c. epithets of Śiva; अये गौरीनाथ त्रिपुरहर शम्भो त्रिनयन Bh.3.123; R.17.14. ˚दाहः burning of the three cities; मुहुरनुस्मरयन्तमनुक्षपं त्रिपुरदाहमुमापतिसेविनः Ki.5.14. ˚सुन्दरी Durgā.

(-री) 1 N. of a place near Jabalpura, formerly capital of the kings of Chedi.

-2 N. of a country.

-पुरुष a

1 having the length of three men.

-2 having three assistants. (

-षम्) the three ancestors- father, grand-father and great-grand-father.

-पृष्ठम् the highest heaven; Bhāg.1.19.23. (

ष्ठः) Viṣṇu.

-पौरुष a.

1 belonging to, or extending over, three generations of men.

2 offered to three (as oblations).

-3 inherited from three (as an estate).

-प्रस्रुतः an elephant in rut.

-फला (1) the three myrobalans taken collectively, namely, Terminalia Chebula, T. Bellerica, and Phyllanthus (Mar. हिरडा, बेहडा and आंवळकाठी). Also (2) the three sweet fruits (grape, pomegranate, and date); (3) the three fragrant fruits (nutmeg, areca- nut, and cloves).

-बन्धनः the individual soul.

-बलिः, बली, -वलिः, -वली f.

1 the three folds or wrinkles of skin above the navel of a woman (regarded as a mark of beauty); क्षामोदरोपरिलसत्त्रिवलीलतानाम् Bh.1.93,81; cf. Ku.1.39.

-2 the anus.

-बलीकम् the anus.

-बाहुः a kind of fighting with swords.

-ब्रह्मन् a. with ब्रह्मा, विष्णु and महेश.

-भम् three signs of the zodiac, or ninety degrees.

-भङ्गम् a pose in which the image is bent at three parts of the body.

-भद्रम् copulation, sexual union, cohabitation.

-भागः 1 the third part; त्रिभागं ब्रह्महत्यायाः कन्या प्राप्नोति दुष्यती Mb.12.165.42.

-2 the third part of a sign of the zodiac.

-भुक्ल a. one possessed of learning, good conduct and good family-descent (Dānasāgara, Bibliotheca Indica,274, Fasc.1, p.29).

-भुजम् a triangle.

-भुवनम् the three worlds; पुण्यं यायास्त्रिभुवन- गुरोर्धाम चण्डीश्वरस्य Me.35; Bh.1.99. ˚गुरु Śiva. ˚कीर्तिरसः a patent medicine in Āyurveda. ˚पतिः Viṣṇu.

-भूमः a palace with three floors.

-मद the three narcotic plants; the three-fold haughtiness; Bhāg.3.1.43.

-मधु n.

-मधुरम् 1 sugar, honey, and ghee.

-2 three verses of the Ṛigveda (1.9.6-8; मधु वाता ऋतायते˚).

-3 a ceremony based on the same; L. D. B.

-4 threefold utterance of a vedic stanza ˚मधु वाता -m. a reciter and performer of the above ceremony; L. D. B.

-मार्गा the Ganges; त्रिमार्गयेव त्रिदिवस्य मार्गः Ku.1.28.

-मुकुटः the Trikūṭa mountain.

-मुखः an epithet of Buddha.

-मुनि ind. having the three sages पाणिनि, कात्यायन and पतञ्जलि; त्रिमुनि व्याकरणम्.

-मूर्तिः 1 the united form of Brahmā, Viṣṇu, and Maheśa, the Hindu triad; नमस्त्रिमूर्तये तुभ्यं प्रांक्सृष्टेः केवलात्मने । गुणत्रयविभायाय पश्चाद्भेदमुपेयुषे ॥ Ku.2.4.

-2 Buddha, or Jina.

-मूर्धन् m.

1 a demon; त्रयश्च दूषण- खरस्त्रिमूर्धानो रणे हताः U.2.15.

-2 a world called महर्लोक; G&imac;rvāṇa; cf. अमृतं क्षेममभयं त्रिमूर्ध्नो$धायि मूर्धसु Bhāg.2.6.19.

-यव a. weighing 3 barley corns; Ms.8.134.

-यष्टिः a necklace of three strings.

-यामकम् sin.

-यामा 1 night (consisting of 3 watches of praharas, the first and last half prahara being excluded); संक्षिप्येत क्षण इव कथं दीर्घयामा त्रियामा Me.11, Ku.7.21,26; R.9.7; V.3. 22.

-2 turmeric.

-3 the Indigo plant.

-4 the river Yamuṇā.

-युगः an epithet of Viṣṇu; धर्मं महापुरुष पासि युगानुवृत्तं छन्नः कलौ यदभवस्त्रियुगो$थ सत्त्वम् Bhāg.7.9.38; the god in the form of यज्ञपुरुष; Bhāg.5.18.35.

-योनिः a law-suit (in which a person engages from anger, cove- tousness, or infatuation).

-रसकम् spirituous liquor; see त्रिसरकम्.

-रात्र a. lasting for three nights. (

-त्रः) a festival lasting for three nights. (

-त्रम्) a period of three nights.

-रेखः a conch-shell.

-लिङ्ग a. having three genders, i. e. an adjective.

-2 possessing the three Guṇas. (

-गाः) the country called Telaṅga. (

-गी) the three genders taken collectively.

-लोकम् the three worlds. (

-कः) an inhabitant of the three worlds; यद्धर्मसूनोर्बत राजसूये निरीक्ष्य दृक्स्वस्त्ययनं त्रिलोकः Bhāg.3. 2.13. ˚आत्मन् m. the Supreme Being. ˚ईशः the sun. ˚नाथः 'lord of the three worlds', an epithet of

1 Indra; त्रिलोकनाथेन सदा मखद्विषस्त्वया नियम्या ननु दिव्यचक्षुषा R.3.45.

-2 of Śiva; Ku.5.77. ˚रक्षिन् a. protecting the 3 worlds; त्रिलोकरक्षी महिमा हि वज्रिणः V.1.6.

-लोकी the three worlds taken collectively, the universe; सत्यामेव त्रिलोकीसरिति हरशिरश्चुम्बिनीविच्छटायाम् Bh.3.95; Śānti.4.22.

-लोचनः Śiva.

(-ना) 1 an unchaste woman.

-2 an epithet of Durgā.

-लोहकम् the three metals:-- gold, silver, and copper.

-वर्गः 1 the three objects of wordly existence, i. e. धर्म, अर्थ, and काम; अनेन धर्मः सविशेषमद्य मे त्रिवर्गसारः प्रतिभाति भाविनि Ku.5.38; अन्योन्यानुबन्धम् (त्रिवर्गम्) Kau. A.1.7; प्राप त्रिवर्गं बुबुधे$त्रिवर्गम् (मोक्षम्) Bu. Ch.2.41.

-2 the three states of loss, stability, and increase; क्षयः स्थानं च वृद्धिश्च त्रिवर्गो नीतिवेदिनाम् Ak.

-3 the three qualities of nature, i. e. सत्त्व, रजस्, and तमस्.

-4 the three higher castes.

-5 the three myrobalans.

-6 propriety, decorum.

-वर्णकम् the first three of the four castes of Hindus taken collectively.

-वर्ष a. three years old; Ms.5.7.

-वलिः, -ली f. (in comp.) three folds over a woman's navel (regarded as a mark of beauty)

-वली the anus.

-वारम् ind. three times, thrice.

-विक्रमः Viṣṇu in his fifth or dwarf incarnation. ˚रसः a patent medicine in Āyurveda.

-विद्यः a Brāhmaṇa versed in the three Vedas.

-विध a. of three kinds, three-fold.

-विष्टपम्, -पिष्टपम् 1 the world of Indra, heaven; त्रिविष्टपस्येव पतिं जयन्तः R.6.78.

-2 the three worlds. ˚सद् m. a god.

-वृत् a.

1 threefold; मौञ्जी त्रिवृत्समा श्लक्ष्णा कार्या विप्रस्य मेखला Ms.2.42.

-2 consisting of three parts (as three गुणs, विद्याs); Bhāg.3.24.33;1.23.39; (consisting of three letters- ओङ्कार); हिरण्यगर्भो वेदानां मन्त्राणां प्रणवस्त्रिवृत् Bhāg.11.16.12. (-m.)

1 a sacrifice.

-2 a girdle of three strings; Mb.12.47.44.

-3 an amulet of three strings. (-f.) a plant possessing valuable purgative properties. ˚करण combining three things, i. e. earth, water, and fire.

-वृत्तिः livelihood through 3 things (sacrifice, study and alms).

-वेणिः, -णी f. the place near Prayāga where the Ganges joins the Yamunā and receives under ground the Sarasvatī; the place called दक्षिणप्रयाग where the three sacred rivers separate.

-वेणुः 1 The staff (त्रिदण्ड) of a Saṁnyāsin; केचित् त्रिवेणुं जगृहुरेके पात्रं कमण्डलुम् Bhāg.11.23.34.

-2 The pole of a chariot; अथ त्रिवेणुसंपन्नं...... बभञ्ज च महारथम् Rām.3. 51.16; Mb.7.156.83; a three bannered (chariot); Bhāg.4.26.1.

-वेदः a Brāhmaṇa versed in the three Vedas.

-शक्तिः a deity (त्रिकला), Māyā; Bhāg.2.6.31.

-शङ्कुः 1 N. of a celebrated king of the Solar race, king of Ayodhyā and father of Hariśchandra. [He was a wise, pious, and just king, but his chief fault was that he loved his person to an inordinate degree. Desiring to celebrate a sacrifice by virtue of which he could go up to heaven in his mortal body, he requested his family-priest Vasiṣṭha to officiate for him; but being refused he next requested his hundred sons who also rejected his absurd proposal. He, therefore, called them cowardly and impotent, and was, in return for these insults, cursed and degraded by them to be a Chāṇḍāla. While he was in this wretched condition, Viśvāmitra, whose family Triśaṅku had in times of famine laid under deep obligations, undertook to celebrate the sacrifice, and invited all the gods to be present. They, however, declined; whereupon the enraged Viśvāmitra. by his own power lifted up Triśaṅku to the skies with his cherished mortal body. He began to soar higher and higher till his head struck against the vault of the heaven, when he was hurled down head-foremost by Indra and the other gods. The mighty Viśvāmitra, however, arrested him in his downward course, saying 'Stay Triśaṅku', and the unfortunate monarch remained suspended with his head towards the earth as a constellation in the southern hemisphere. Hence the wellknown proverb:-- त्रिशङ्कुरिवान्तरा तिष्ठ Ś.2.]

-2 the Chātaka bird.

-3 a cat.

-4 a grass-hopper.

-5 a fire- fly. ˚जः an epithet of Hariśchandra. ˚याजिन् m. an epithet of Viśvāmitra.

-शत a. three hundred.

(-तम्) 1 one hundred and three.

-2 three hundred.

-शरणः a Buddha.

-शर्करा three kinds of sugar (गुडोत्पन्ना, हिमोत्था, and मधुरा).

-शाख a. three-wrinkled; भ्रुकुट्या भीषणमुखः प्रकृत्यैव त्रिशाखया Ks.12.72.

-शालम् a house with three halls or chambers.

-शिखम् 1 a trident; तदापतद्वै त्रिशिखं गरुत्मते Bhāg.1.59.9.

-2 a crown or crest (with three points).

-शिरस् m.

1 N. of a demon killed by Rāma.

-2 an epithet of Kubera.

-3 fever. त्रिशिरस्ते प्रसन्नो$स्मि व्येतु ते मज्ज्वराद्भयम् Bhāg.1.63.29.

-शीर्षः Śiva.

-शीर्षकम्, -शूलम् a trident. ˚अङ्कः, ˚धारिन् m. an epithet of Śiva.

-शुक्लम् the holy combination of 'three days' viz. Uttarāyaṇa (day of the gods), the bright half of the moon (day of the manes) and day- time; त्रिशुक्ले मरणं यस्य, L. D. B.

-शूलिन् m. an epithet of Śiva.

-शृङ्गः 1 the Trikūṭa mountain.

-2 a triangle.

-शोकः the soul.

-षष्टिः f. sixty-three.

-ष्टुभ् f. a metre of 4 x 11 syllables.

-संध्यम्, -संध्यी the three periods of the day, i. e. dawn, noon, and sunset; also

-त्रिसवनम् (

-षवणम्); Ms.11.216.

-संध्यम् ind. at the time of the three Sandhyas; सान्निध्यं पुष्करे येषां त्रिसन्ध्यं कुरुनन्दन Mb.

-सप्तत a. seventy-third.

-सप्ततिः f. seventy-three.

-सप्तन्, -सप्त a. (pl.) three times 7, i. e. 21.

-सम a. (in geom.) having three equal sides, equilateral.

-सरः milk, sesamum and rice boiled together.

-सरकम् drinking wine thrice ('सरकं शीधुपात्रे स्यात् शीधुपाने च शीधुनि' इति विश्वः); प्रातिभं त्रिसरकेण गतानाम् Śi.1.12.

-सर्गः the creation of the 3 Guṇas; Bhāg.1.1.1.

-साधन a. having a threefold causality; R.3.13.

-सामन् a. singing 3 Sāmans (an उद्गातृ); उद्गाता तत्र संग्रामे त्रिसामा दुन्दुभिर्नृप Mb.12.98.27.

-साम्यम् an equilibrium of the three (qualities); Bhāg.2.7.4.

-सुपर्णः, -र्णम् 1 N. of the three Ṛigvedic verses (Rv.1.114.3-5).

-2 N. of T. Ār.1.48-5; -a. familiar with or reciting these verses; Ms.3.185.

-स्थली the three sacred places: काशी, प्रयाग, and गया.

-स्थानम् the head, neck and chest to- gether; तन्त्रीलयसमायुक्तं त्रिस्थानकरणान्वितम् Rām.7.71.15. -a.

1 having 3 dwelling places.

-2 extending through the 3 worlds.

-स्रोतस् f. an epithet of the Ganges; त्रिस्रोतसं वहति यो गगनप्रतिष्ठाम् Ś.7.6; R.1.63; Ku.7.15.

-सीत्य, -हल्य a. ploughed thrice (as a field).

-हायण a. three years old.

असुर a. [असु-र Uṇ1.42]

1 Living, alive, spiri- tual.

-2 An epithet of the Supreme Spirit or Varuṇa.

-3 Incorporeal, super-human, divine.

-रः [According to Nir. अ सुरताः स्थानेषु न सुष्टु रताः स्थानेषु चपला इत्यर्थः; or अस्ताः प्रच्याविता देवैः स्थानेम्यः or from असु; असुः प्राणः तेन तद्वन्तो भवन्ति रो मत्वर्थ; or सोर्देवानसृजत तत्सुराणां सुरत्वम्, असोः असुरानसृजत तदसुराणामसुरत्वम्; सोः = प्रशस्तादात्मनः प्रदेशात्]

1 An evil spirit, a demon; the chief of the evil spirits; वृकद्वरसो असुरस्य वीरान् Rv.2.3.4. the Rām. thus accounts for the name:-- सुराप्रतिग्रहाद्देवाः सुरा इत्य- भिविश्रुताः । अप्रतिग्रहणात्तस्या दैतेयाश्चासुरास्तथा ॥ [In the oldest parts of the Ṛigveda the term Asura is used for the Supreme Spirit and in the sense of 'god', 'divine'; it was applied to several of the chief deities such as Indra, Agni, and especially Varuṇa. It afterwards acquired an entirely opposite meaning, and came to signify a demon or an enemy of the gods. The Brāhmaṇas state that Prajāpati created Asuras with the breath ( Asu); particularly from the lower breath. The Vāyu P. says that Asuras were first produced as sons from Prajāpati's groin; cf. also Nir. above].

-2 A general name for the enemies of gods, Daityas and Dānavas, distinguished from Rākṣasas descended from Pulastya; कानीयसा एव देवा ज्यायसा असुराः Bṛi. Up.1.3. Bg.11.22.

-3 A ghost or spectre.

-4 The sun (said to be from अस् to shine).

-5 An elephant.

-6 An epithet of Rāhu.

-7 A cloud.

-8 N. of a warrior tribe.

-रा 1 Night.

-2 A zodiacal sign.

-3 A prostitute.

-री 1 A female demon, wife of an Asura.

-2 N. of the plant Sinapis Racemosa Roxb. (Mar. काळी मोहरी).

-Comp. -अधिपः, -इन्द्रः, -राज्, -जः 1 the lord of the Asuras.

-2 an epithet of Bali, grandson of Prahlāda; यज्ञं चकार सुमहानसुरेन्द्रो महाबलः Rām.1.29.6.

-आचार्यः, -गुरुः 1 N. of the preceptor of the Asuras, Sukrāchārya.

-2 the planet Venus.

-आह्वम् bell-metal.

-क्षयण, -क्षिति a. destroying the Asuras; असुरक्षयणं वधं त्रिषन्धिं दिव्याश्रयन् Av.11.1.1; यमबध्नाद् बृहस्पतिर्देवेभ्यो असुरक्षितिम् Av.1.6.22.

-गुरुः 1 The planet Venus (शुक्र).

-2 Śukrāchārya.

-द्रुह् 'Enemy of the Asuras', a god; पुरः क्लिश्नाति सोमं हि सैंहिके- यो$सुरद्रुहाम् Śi.2.35.

-द्विष् m. an enemy of the Asuras, i. e. a god.

-माया demoniacal magic; येना श्रवस्यवश्चरथ देवा इवासुरमायया Av.3.9.4.

-रक्षस् n. (pl.) the Asuras and Rākṣasas. (

-सम्) a demoniacal being partaking of the qualities of both the classes.

-रिपुः, -सूदनः 'destroyer of Asuras', an epithet of Viṣṇu; भ्राता भव यवीयांस्त्वं शक्रस्यासुरसूदन Rām.1.29.17.

-हन् m.

1 One who destroys the Asuras, an epithet of Agni, Indra &c.

-2 N. of Viṣṇu.